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1、HistoryofSouthAfricaAlthoughKhoisantribesofnomadichunters,gatherersandpastoralistshavelivedinsouthernAfricaforaround40,000years,theydidn'treachtheCapeofGoodHopeuntilabout2000yearsago.Bythe15thcenturymostarablelandhadbeensettledbyencroachingBantupastoralt
2、ribes.SouthernAfricabecameapopularstopforEuropeancrewsafterVascodeGamaopenedtheCapeofGoodHopespiceroutein1498,and,bythemid-17thcentury,scurvyandshipwreckhadinducedDutchtraderstooptforapermanentsettlementinTableBayonthesiteofpresentdayCapeTown.ThemostlyDu
3、tchburgherspushedslowlynorth,decimatingtheKhoisanwithviolenceanddiseaseastheywent.Towardstheendofthe18thcenturyandwithDutchpowerfading,BritainpredictablyjumpedinforanotherpieceofAfrica.ItwashopedthatBritishsettlerswouldinhabitabufferzonebetweenskirmishin
4、gpastoralBoersandXhosa,butmostoftheBritishimmigrantfamiliesretreatedtotown,entrenchingtherural/urbandividethatisevidentinwhiteSouthAfricaeventoday.Althoughslaverywasabolishedin1833,black/whitedivisionoflabourservedallwhitestoowellforanyrealattempttochang
5、e.UpheavalinblacksouthernAfricawasn'tgeneratedonlybythewhiteinvaders.DifaqanewasthenamegiventoaterrorcampaignmastermindedbytheZuluchief,Shaka.ThiswaveofdisruptionthroughsouthernAfricaleftsometribeswipedout,othersenslavedandtheluckyonesrunning.Intothischa
6、osdisgruntledBoersstompedontheirGreatTrekawayfromBritishrule.Mostofthepasturestheytrekkedthroughweredesertedorinhabitedbytraumatisedrefugees;theywereeasilyturnedintocattleruns.TheZuluswerenopushovers,however.TheyputupstrongandbloodyresistancetotheBoersbe
7、foreeventuallycedingtosuperiorfirepower.Boerrepublicspoppedupthroughtheinterior,andwereannexedonebyonebyBritaininachaotickerfuffleoftreaties,diplomacyandviolencethroughthemiddlepartofthe19thcentury.JustwhenitlookedliketheUnionJackwasgoingtoflyfromCairoto
8、theCape,diamondswerediscoveredinKimberley,andtheDutchresistancebecamesuddenlystronger.TheFirstAnglo-BoerWarendedinacrushingBoervictoryandtheestablishmentoftheZuid-AfrikaanscheRepubliek.TheBritishbackedoffuntilahugereefofgo
