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1、各型BPPV的诊断手法及复位技巧DrXiaofengMeiFushanhospitaloftraditionalchinesemedicine,Departmentofotorhinolaryngology—headandnecksurgeryOverview发病率约1/10000,占外周性眩晕的50%属周围性旋晕多为自限性,能自行缓解,故称为良性三个月不愈或丧失劳动力者为顽固性男:女=1:2~3BackgroundBarany(1921)[1]:首次描述benignparoxysmalpositionalvertigo(BPPV):Theattacksonlyappeared
2、whenshelayonherrightside.Whenshedidthis,thereappearedastrongrotatorynystagmustotheright.Theattacklastedaboutthirtysecondsandwasaccompaniedbyviolentvertigoandnausea.If,immediatelyafterthecessationofthesesymptoms,theheadwasagainturnedtotheright,noattackoccurred,andinordertoevokeanewattackinthi
3、sway,thepatienthadtolieforsometimeonherbackoronherleftside.DixM.R.&HallpikeC.S.(1952)[2]:介绍了BPPV特点和Dix—HallpikeTestSchuknechtH.F.(1969)[3]:病人颞骨病理见后半规管壶腹嵴致密颗粒cupulolithiasisHallSF,RubyRRF,McClureJA.(1979)[4]:根据重复刺激疲劳性提出半规管结石症canalithiasisBrandtT,DaroffRB(1980)[5]:首推体位治疗SemontA,FreyssG,VitteE(
4、1988)[6]:耳石解脱法liberatorymaneuverEpleyJM(1992)[7]:耳石复位法canalrepositionprocedures(CRP)ParnesLS,McClureJA.(1990)[8]:描述后半规管阻塞术治疗难治性BPPVParnesLS,McClureJA.(1992)[9]:难治性BPPV手术中发现后半规管中嗜碱性颗粒GacekRR(1995):singularneurectomy[*]MoriartyB,RutkaJ,HawkeM.(1992)[10]:大量颞骨病理发现其他半规管也见嗜碱性颗粒BPPV假说SchuknechtH.F.
5、(1969)[3]:壶腹嵴帽结石症学说,后半规管壶腹嵴cupulolithiasis.HallSF.(1979)[4]:半规管结石症学说,后半规管canalithiasis.BPPVcanbecausedbyeithercanalithiasisorcupulolithiasisandcantheoreticallyaffecteachofthe3semicircularcanals,althoughsuperiorcanalinvolvementisexceedinglyrare.ThecupulolithiasisandThecanalithiasisBPPV病理生理正常耳
6、石代谢:耳石膜含许多碳酸钙结晶,耳石含大量钙离子,酷似骨组织,是一动态结构,维持迷路内离子动态平衡,正常情况下耳石也会少量脱落,为吞噬细胞所消灭,这种情况多发生在囊斑、胶状壶腹嵴[11][12]和内淋巴囊[13]。BPPV病理生理:耳石脱落过多或吸收障碍时,异位进入半规管,当达到或超出临界状态时“criticalmass”[图1][图2]?BPPV后半规管开窗所见耳石团块ThevestibularsystemTheotoconiaBPPV分类原发性:占34~68%.继发性:以头部外伤为多见,约17%,其他可见发生于梅尼挨病、迷路炎、偏头痛、中耳术后、头颅外伤等.按解剖部位分类:
7、PC—BPPV,HC—BPPV,SC—BPPV,NC—BPPV.Schuknecht分类:自限性、复发性和顽固性.PC-BPPVtestDixM.R.&HallpikeC.S.(1952)[2]:取坐位,观察有无自发性眼震,头转向一侧45°→迅速仰卧,与水平面呈30°角→观察有无眩晕及眼震至少40秒钟。[图3][图4].有上跳性、扭转性眼震(快相向下位耳),左侧顺时针方向,右侧反时针方向。“Reversalnystagmus”occurswhenthepatientreturnstotheu