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1、StatisticalMethodsforPracticeandResearch2STATISTICALMETHODSFORPRACTICEANDRESEARCHStatisticalMethodsforPracticeandResearchAguidetodataanalysisusingSPSS(Secondedition)AjaiS.GaurSanjayaS.GaurCopyright©AjaiS.GaurandSanjayaS.Gaur,2009Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedoruti
2、lizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingorbyanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Firstpublishedin2006ThisSecondEditionpublishedin2009byResponseBooksBusinessbooksfromSAGEB1/I-1MohanCooperativeIndustr
3、ialAreaMathuraRoad,NewDelhi110044,IndiaSAGEPublicationsInc2455TellerRoadThousandOaks,California91320,USASAGEPublicationsLtd1Oliver’sYard,55CityRoadLondonEC1Y1SP,UnitedKingdomSAGEPublicationsAsia-PacificPteLtd33PekinStreet#02-01FarEastSquareSingapore048763PublishedbyVivekMehraforSAGEP
4、ublicationsIndiaPvtLtd,typesetin11/13.5PalatinobyStarCompugraphicsPrivateLimited,DelhiandprintedatChamanEnterprises,NewDelhi.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAvailableGaur,AjaiS.,1977–Statisticalmethodsforpracticeandresearch:aguidetodataanalysisusingSPSS/AjaiS.Gaur,Sanja
5、yaS.Gaur.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferences.1.SPSS(Computerfile)2.Socialsciences—Statisticalmethods—Computerprograms.3.Socialsciences—Research—Statisticalmethods.I.Gaur,SanjayaS.,1969–II.Title.HA32.G38005.5'5—dc2220062006015343ISBN:978-81-321-0100-0(PB)TheSAGETeam:ReemaSinghal,Ma
6、dhulaBanerji,RajibChatterjeeandTrinankurBanerjeeToourparentsShriRamSaranandSmt.Sumitra6STATISTICALMETHODSFORPRACTICEANDRESEARCHContentsPreface11Acknowledgements131.IntroductiontoSPSS151.1StartingSPSS151.2SPSSMainMenus161.3WorkingwiththeDataEditor181.4SPSSViewer221.5ImportingandExport
7、ingData242.BasicStatisticalConcepts282.1ResearchinBehavioralSciences282.1.1QualitativeResearch282.1.2QuantitativeResearch292.2TypesofVariables302.2.1QualitativeVariables302.2.2QuantitativeVariables312.3ReliabilityandValidity312.3.1AssessingReliability322.3.2AssessingValidity322.4Hypo
8、thesisTestin