Analysis Linguistic Data using R

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1、AnalyzingLinguisticDataApracticalintroductiontostatisticsR.H.BaayenInterfacultyresearchunitforlanguageandspeech,UniversityofNijmegen,&MaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguistics,Nijmegene-mail:baayen@mpi.nlCambridgeUniversityPressDRAFTiDRAFTiiTOJORN,CORINE,THERAANDTINEKEDRAFTiiiDRAFTiv4.2.2Arethemeans

2、thesame?.........................844.2.3Arethevariancesthesame?........................884.3Pairedvectors....................................884.3.1Arethemeansormediansthesame?...................894.3.2Functionalrelations:linearregression..................91Contents4.3.3Whatdoesthejointdensityloo

3、klike?..................1054.4Anumericalvectorandafactor:analysisofvariance.............1104.4.1Twonumericalvectorsandafactor:analysisofcovariance......1174.5Twovectorswithcounts..............................1201AnintroductiontoR14.6Anoteonstatisticalsignificance..........................1231.1Ras

4、acalculator...................................24.7Exercises.......................................1251.2GettingdataintoandoutofR...........................41.3Accessinginformationindataframes......................65Clusteringandclassification1271.4Operationsondataframes............................

5、.115.1Clustering......................................1271.4.1Sortingadataframebyoneormorecolumns..............115.1.1Tableswithmeasurements:Principalcomponentsanalysis......1271.4.2Changinginformationinadataframe..................125.1.2Tableswithmeasurements:Factoranalysis...............1351.4.

6、3Extractingcontingencytablesfromdataframes............135.1.3Tableswithcounts:CorrespondenceAnalysis.............1391.4.4Calculationsondataframes........................165.1.4Tableswithdistances:Multi-dimensionalscaling...........1461.5Sessionmanagement................................195.1.5Tabl

7、eswithdistances:Hierarchicalclusteranalysis..........1481.6Exercises.......................................205.2Classification.....................................1602Graphicaldataexploration215.2.1Classificationtrees...