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1、Unit4CulturalEncountersSusanBassnettWeliveinanageofeasyaccesstotherestoftheworld.Cheapflightsmeanthatmillionsofpeopleareabletovisitplacestheirparentscouldonlydreamabout,whiletheInternetenablesustocommunicatewiththeremotestplacesandthetraditionalpostalservicesarenowreferredtoalmostmockinglyas"snail
2、mail."Whenstudentsgooffback-packing,theycanemailtheirparentsfromInternetcafesintheHimalayasorfromadesertoasis.Andasformobilephones—theclickingoftextmessagingatanyhourofthedayornighthasbecomefamiliartousall.Everyone,itseems,provided,ofcourse,theycanaffordtodoso,needneverbeoutoftouch.Significantlyal
3、so,thisgreatglobalcommunicationsrevolutionisalsolinkedtotheexpansionofEnglish,whichhasnowbecometheleadinginternationallanguage.ConferencesandbusinessmeetingsaroundtheglobeareheldinEnglish,regardlessofwhetheranyonepresentisanativeEnglishspeaker.Englishhassimplybecomethelanguagethatfacilitatescommun
4、ication,andformanypeoplelearningEnglishisanessentialsteppingstoneontheroadtosuccess.Sowhy,youmaywonder,wouldanyonehavemisgivingsaboutallthesewonderfuldevelopments,andwhydoestheriseofEnglishasagloballanguagecausefeelingsofuneasinessforsomeofus?Forthereareindeedproblemswiththecommunicationsrevolutio
5、n,problemsthatarenotonlyeconomic.Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.Differentculturesarenotsimplygroupsofpeoplewholabeltheworlddifferently;languagesgiveusthemeanstoshapeourviewsoftheworldandlanguagesaredifferen
6、tfromoneanother.Weexpresswhatweseeandfeelthroughlanguage,andbecauselanguagesaresoclearlyculture-related,oftenwefindthatwhatwecansayinonelanguagecannotbeexpressedatallinanother.TheEnglishword"homesickness"translatesintoItalianas"nostalgia,"butEnglishhashadtoborrowthatsamewordtodescribeadifferentsta
7、teofmind,somethingthatisnotquitehomesicknessandinvolvesakindoflonging.Homesicknessandnostalgiaputtogetherarealmost,butnotquite,thePortuguese"saudade,"anuntranslatablewordthatdescribesastateofmindthatisnotdespair,
