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1、WittgensteinonbeingandtimeJAAKKOHINTIKKABostonUniverc,ity1.Memory-timevs.information-timeTIIISPAPERisanattempttounderstandWittgenstein’sconceptionoftimeduringthedifferentperiodsofhisactivity.ThisconceptoffersaninterestingperspectiveonWittgenstein’sphilos
2、ophyandplayedacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofWittgenstein’sphilosophy.Inpar-ticular,Wittgenstein’sideasabouttimewereinstrumentalinshapinghischangingconceptofobject.IwillalsotrytoputWittgenstein’sideasabouttimeinawider(anddeeper)theoreticalperspective.First
3、,whatwasWittgenstein’sconceptiontimeatthedifferentstagesofhisphilosophicalwork?Well,whatarethedifferentpossibleanswerstothisquestionaccordingtoWittgensteinhimself!Themainoptionsarelistedbyhiminhislectures,asrecordedbyG.E.Moore:Lateronhemadeadistiction,as
4、tothemeaningofwhichIamnotclear,betweenwhathecalled‘memory-time’andwhathecalled‘information-time’,sayingthatintheformer-thereisonlyearlierandlater,notpastandfuture,andthatithassensetosaythatIrememberthat,whichin‘information-time’isfuture.(Moore1959,p.319)
5、ButlateronWittgensteinintroducedagainthephrase‘memory-time’,sayingthatacertainorderofeventsmightbesocalled,andthengoingontosaythatalltheseevents‘approachapointsuchthatitwillhavenosensetosay“Boccuredafterthepresentinmemory-time”’;that‘now’‘shouldbeapointi
6、nanorder’.(0”cit.p.322)[...Iwhenwesay‘Theclockisstrikingnow’,‘now’means‘thepresentinmemory-time’,andcannotmean,e.g.,‘at6.7’becauseithassensetosay‘itis6.7now’.(QJ.cit.p.321)WhatpreciselyisinvolvedinWittgenstein’sdistinctionbetweenmemory-timeandinformation
7、-time?Hisremarksarebrief,buttheyarefullenoughtobeputintoasystematicalandhistoricalperspec-tive.Theprimafacieeasierofthetwotermsofthedistinctiontounderstandisinformation-time.Clearly,usinginformation-time4JAAKKOHINTIKKAmeanssignifyingtime-referencesbyrefe
8、rencetoapublicchronol-ogy,implementedbyclocks,calendars,andothersuchtime-keepingparaphernalia.Incontrast,itishardertoseewhatpreciselyismeantbyWitt-gensteinby‘memory-time’.Thereseemstobeatleasttwodifferentideasinvolvedinit.
