资源描述：
《(欣蒂卡) Hintikka - 1966 - 'Knowing Oneself and Other Problems in Epistemic Logic'》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、“Knowingoneself”andotherproblemsinepistemiclogicbyJAAKKOHINTIKKA[UniversityofHelsinki)1.ItmaynotappearverygracefulofmetocavilatProfessorHector-NeriCastaiieda’sperceptiveandgenerousreviewofmybookKnowledgeandBelief‘intheJournalofSymbolicLogic,vol.29(1964),pp.132-134.IamneverthelesspromptedtodosobyP
2、rofessorCastaiieda’semphasisonthesignificanceofthebookasanimpetusforfurtherwork.Suchworkmightbehampered,itseemstome,ifIdidnotmakeexplicitcertainpointswhichIhadnotsucceededinmakingclearinthebookitself,tojudgefromCastaiieda’sreview.Thisgivesmealsoachancetomakesomeconstructivesuggestionsconcerningth
3、eproblemsCastaiiedaraises.2.CastaiiedasaysrepeatedlythatIhaveformalized“verystrongsensesof’know’and‘believe’ofwhichprobablytherearenohumaninstances”.Thebasisofthisstatementisillustratedbythefactthatsentencesoftheform(11“aknowsthatp2aknowsthatq”areonmyassumptionsvalid(or,asIprefertosay,self-sustai
4、n-ing)assoonasplogicallyimpliesq.ThisfactistakenbyCasta-iiedatoentailtheconsequencethat,inthesenseinwhichIhaveusedthenotionofknowledgeinthebook,whoeverknowssome-thingalwaysknowsalltheimplicationsofwhatheknows.If’KnowledgeandBelief.AnlntroductiontotheLogicoftheTwoNotions.ContemporaryPhilosophySeri
5、es,ed.byMaxBlack,CornellUniversityPress,Ithaca,NewYork,1962.1-Theoria,1:19662JAAKKOHINTIKKAthisconsequencereallyfollowed,thenitwouldindeedbetruetosaythatIhavepresupposedanunnaturallystrongsenseofknowledge.However,theconsequencefollowsonlyifthenotionofself-sustenance(validity)isinterpretedastrutho
6、neverypossibleoccasion(ineverypossiblesituation).Thisinterpretationisnottheonlynaturalone,anditisinsomanywordsruledoutinmybook(seepp.34-38).Instead,itisproposedthatself-sustenancebeinterpretedastruthinevery“epistemicallyperfectworld”,thatistosay,ineverypossibleworldwhoseinhabitantsallfollowupthec
7、onsequencesofwhattheyknowfarenoughtoseeeachparticularconsequenceofwhattheyactivelyknow.Ifthisinterpretationofthemetalogicalnotionofself-sustenanceisadopted,togetherwiththeparallelinterpretationsofotherbasicmetalogicalc
