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ID:39205145
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页数:8页
时间:2019-06-27
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1、FRAMESEMANTICSMiriamR.L.PetruckUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyFRAMESEMANTICSisaresearchprograminempiricalsemanticswhichemphasizesthecontinuitiesbetweenlanguageandexperience,andprovidesaframeworkforpresentingtheresultsofthatresearch.AFRAMEisanysystemofconceptsrelatedinsu
2、chawaythattounderstandanyoneconceptitisnecessarytounderstandtheentiresystem;introducinganyoneconceptresultsinallofthembecomingavailable.InFrameSemantics,awordrepresentsacategoryofexperience;partoftheresearchendeavoristheuncoveringofreasonsaspeechcommunityhasforcreatingt
3、hecategoryrepresentedbythewordandincludingthatreasoninthedescriptionofthemeaningoftheword.Similarorcomparablenotionshavedevelopedandareemployedinother®elds,particularlyarti®cialintelligenceandcognitivepsychology.(Thenearsimultaneityandmutualrecognitionoftheuseoftheconce
4、ptamongscholarsindifferent®eldsareworthnoting.)Perhapsofgreatestin¯uenceforarti®cialintelligencewasMinsky'sworkthatpresentedframeasacovertermfor"adata-structurerepresentingastereotypedsituation"(1975:212).Theworkincludedacharacterizationofseveraltypesofframes,someofwhic
5、hcorrespondedtootherusesbylinguists(includingFillmore,1968)andpsychologists.AmongthelatterwereSchankandAbelson(1975)inwhoseworkonstoryunderstandingthetermscript(comparabletoMinsky'sframe)referstoknowledgestructuresforsequencesofevents,awell-knownexamplebeingtherestauran
6、tscript.(SeeTannen1979foramoredetailedoverviewoftheconceptasusedbyotherresearchers,includinganthropologistsandsociologists,andanexpositionofframeas"structuresofexpectations"(1979:144).SeealsoFillmore1985aforadditionalcitationsoflaterworksemployingtheconcept.)Theframenot
7、ionusedinFrameSemanticscanbetracedmostdirectlytocaseframes(Fillmore,1968).Incasegrammar,thesemanticrolesoftheargumentsofpredicateswereconsideredcrucialtothecharacterizationofverbsandclauses.Caseframeswereunderstoodas"characterizingasmallabstract`scene'or`situation',soth
8、attounderstandthesemanticstructureoftheverbitwasnecessarytounderstandthepropertiesofsuchschematizedscenes"(Fil
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