Frame Semantics by Petruck 英文文献资料

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1、FRAMESEMANTICSMiriamR.L.PetruckUniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyFRAMESEMANTICSisaresearchprograminempiricalsemanticswhichemphasizesthecontinuitiesbetweenlanguageandexperience,andprovidesaframeworkforpresentingtheresultsofthatresearch.AFRAMEisanysystemofconceptsrelatedinsu

2、chawaythattounderstandanyoneconceptitisnecessarytounderstandtheentiresystem;introducinganyoneconceptresultsinallofthembecomingavailable.InFrameSemantics,awordrepresentsacategoryofexperience;partoftheresearchendeavoristheuncoveringofreasonsaspeechcommunityhasforcreatingt

3、hecategoryrepresentedbythewordandincludingthatreasoninthedescriptionofthemeaningoftheword.Similarorcomparablenotionshavedevelopedandareemployedinother®elds,particularlyarti®cialintelligenceandcognitivepsychology.(Thenearsimultaneityandmutualrecognitionoftheuseoftheconce

4、ptamongscholarsindifferent®eldsareworthnoting.)Perhapsofgreatestin¯uenceforarti®cialintelligencewasMinsky'sworkthatpresentedframeasacovertermfor"adata-structurerepresentingastereotypedsituation"(1975:212).Theworkincludedacharacterizationofseveraltypesofframes,someofwhic

5、hcorrespondedtootherusesbylinguists(includingFillmore,1968)andpsychologists.AmongthelatterwereSchankandAbelson(1975)inwhoseworkonstoryunderstandingthetermscript(comparabletoMinsky'sframe)referstoknowledgestructuresforsequencesofevents,awell-knownexamplebeingtherestauran

6、tscript.(SeeTannen1979foramoredetailedoverviewoftheconceptasusedbyotherresearchers,includinganthropologistsandsociologists,andanexpositionofframeas"structuresofexpectations"(1979:144).SeealsoFillmore1985aforadditionalcitationsoflaterworksemployingtheconcept.)Theframenot

7、ionusedinFrameSemanticscanbetracedmostdirectlytocaseframes(Fillmore,1968).Incasegrammar,thesemanticrolesoftheargumentsofpredicateswereconsideredcrucialtothecharacterizationofverbsandclauses.Caseframeswereunderstoodas"characterizingasmallabstract`scene'or`situation',soth

8、attounderstandthesemanticstructureoftheverbitwasnecessarytounderstandthepropertiesofsuchschematizedscenes"(Fil