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1、WaterResearch36(2002)3479–3488Thedecayofchlorineassociatedwiththepipewallinwaterdistributionsystemsaaa,bcN.B.Hallam,J.R.West,C.F.Forster*,J.C.Powell,I.SpenceraSchoolofCivilEngineering,UniversityofBirmingham,Edgbaston,BirminghamB152TT,UKbBinnieBlackandVeatchLtd.,GrosvenorH
2、ouse,69LondonRoad,Redhill,SurreyRH11LQ,UKcSevernTrentWaterLtd.,LeicesterWaterCentre,GorseHill,Amstey,LeicesterLE77GU,UKReceived12June2001;receivedinrevisedform9November2001;accepted1February2002AbstractFreechlorinedecayratesinwaterdistributionsystemsforbulkandwalldemandss
3、houldbemodelledseparatelyastheyhavedifferentfunctionaldependencies.Fewgoodqualitydeterminationsofinsituwalldemandhavebeenmadeduetothedifficultyofmonitoringlivesystemsandduetotheircomplexity.Walldemandshavebeencalculatedfromfieldmeasurementsat11locationsinadistributionsystem
4、fedfromasinglesource.Amethodologyforthelaboratorydeterminationhasbeenevolvedandshowntogiveresultsthataresimilartotheinsituresults.Pipematerialswereclassifiedaseitherhavinghighreactivity(unlinedironmains)orlowreactivity(PVC,MDPEandcement-linedductileiron).Theresultsindicate
5、thatwalldecayratesfortheformerarelimitedbychlorinetransportandforthelatterbypipematerialcharacteristics.Thewalldecayrateisinverselyrelatedtoinitialchlorineconcentrationforlowreactivitypipes.Ingeneral,watervelocityincreaseswalldecayratesthoughthestatisticalconfidenceislowfo
6、rlowreactivitypipes.Amoderatebiofilmcoatingdidnotinfluencethewalldecayrateforlowreactivitypipes.r2002ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Chlorine;Walldecayrate;Distributionsystems1.Introductionmodeltoquantifychlorinedecayindistributionsystemsusesafirst-orderdecayeq
7、uationwithrespecttoDespitetheeffectiveuseofchlorineovermanychlorine:decadesasadisinfectantforpotablewatersupplies,dC=dt¼kctherearestillregulatoryfailuresinthequalityofdrinkingwater,whichcauseconcerntothewaterorutilities.Anunderstandingofhowchlorineconcentra-tionswilldeca
8、ywithtime,duetoreactionswithtraceCt¼C0expðktÞ:compoundscontainedinthebulkwater,materialWhencons
