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1、TemporalandSpatialVariationsinBulkChlorineDecaywithinaWaterSupplySystem123BenjaminJ.Courtis;JohnR.West;andJohnBridgemanAbstract:Modernwatertreatmentmustmaintainanacceptablebalancebetweenthemicrobialsafetyofpotablewatersupply,thecostsoftreatment,andth
2、eformationofpotentiallyharmfuldisinfectionby-productsDBPs.Inordertoachievetheoptimumbalance,itisessentialtounderstandandpredictboththeformationofDBPandthedecayofchlorine,inrelationtosourcewater,treatmentprocesses,storage,andsupply.Reportedhereinare
3、newdatawhichdemonstratethelackofdurability,precision,andaccuracyassociatedwithearlierempiricalchlorinedecayrateequations.Thisworkdevelopsanimprovedmethodologyforthepredictionofvariationinchlorinedecayratesindistributionsystemsenablingpractical,cost-e
4、ffectivepredictionoftheeffectsofbothseasonalvariationsandmanagementinterventionsonchlorinelevelsattreatmentworksandindistributionsystems.DOI:10.1061/ASCE0733-93722009135:3147CEDatabasesubjectheadings:Kinetics;Regressionmodels;Waterdistributions
5、ystems;Waterquality;Watersampling;Chlorine.IntroductiondC=−kB.C1dtDisinfectionofdrinkingwaterviatheadditionofchlorinehasbeenpractisedgloballyforover100yearsWhite1999.ChlorineC=C.e−kBt20isaneffectivedisinfectant,maintainingaresiduallevelintreate
6、dwhereC=chlorineconcentrationattimetmgL−1;C=initialwatertherebyprotectingitfrombacterialreinfectioninthedistri-0chlorineconcentrationmgL−1;andk=bulkchlorinedecaybutionsystem.However,thechlorinationprocessisknowntoBi.e.,reactionrateconstanth−1
7、.formby-productswhicharebelievedtobedeleterioustohealthItiswellknownthattheratesofmostchemicalreactionsSinger1999.TrihalomethanesTHMareaprimaryby-productincreasewithtemperatureandthustherateconstantshouldin-ofchlorination,formedbyreactionsbetween
8、halogensandor-creasewithtemperature.TheArrheniusequationisusedtorepre-ganicmatterinwater,particularlythehumicandfulvicacidssentthedependenceoftherateconstant,kB,ofthereactionontheresultingfromthedecompositionofnaturalandanthropogenicabsolutetemperatu
