《语音学课件Lectu》PPT课件

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1、VowelsofAmericanEnglishHerethevowelsofAmericanEnglishareplottedaccordingtothepointofprimaryobstructionbythetongueinthearticulationofthesound."Low"refersnotonlytothepositionofthetonguebutthejawaswell.VowelsofBritishEnglishHereisanotherquadrilaterialwithsamplesofBritishvowelsaspostedbyTonyRobi

2、nson.Hissamplesareofonepersonpronouncingwordswitha'hVd'frame(hood,hid,had,who'd,hayed,etc.)GeneralAmericanEnglishVowelsBBCVowelsSetsVowelCharts(I)Therearevariouslevelsofrealism/idealismwecanuseindrawingvowelcharts.TheactualphysicaldistributionoftonguebodypositionsisclosetobeinganellipseForso

3、mereason,printersdon'tlikechartsthatlooklikeellipses.VowelCharts(II)TheIPAvowelchartmakestheellipselookclosertobeingarectangle,butstillpreservesmuchoftherelativespacingofthevowels.VowelCharts(III)Averyidealized(andruthlesslyrectangular)vowelchartisusuallyusedintheNorthAmericantradition.Phone

4、ticAlphabetsInthiscourse,wewillbelearningtousethephoneticalphabetdevelopedbytheInternationalPhoneticAssociation.Inthissection,welookatsomeofthereasonswhyaspecialphoneticalphabetisnecessaryandthensomeofthebackgroundoftheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA).WritingthingsthewaytheysoundHownottodo

5、itProblemswithusingEnglishspellingconventionsWaystoovercometheproblemTheIPATheInternationalPhoneticAssociationTheInternationalPhoneticAlphabetWritingthingsthewaytheysoundThestandardsystemusedtowritealanguageiscalleditsorthography(fromGreekstems:ortho-'correct',graphy'writing').Evenforlanguag

6、eswhosewritingsystemsarebasedonalphabets,thestandard"correct"spellingsoftenhavelittletodowithhowthewordsarepronounced.Phoneticalphabetsaredesigned(andnecessary)forwritingdownutterancesinawaythatrecordshowtheysounded.Ideally,someonewhoneverheardtheoriginalutteranceshouldbeabletorecreateitsimp

7、lybyreadingthewrittentranscriptionoutloud.HowNottoDoitFictionwriterswilloftentrytogivetheimpressionthataspeakerisusingadifferentaccentbydeliberatelymisspellingsomerandomlychosenwords.Petsthimanimalsmaybe,an'domestictheybe,butpigsI'mblamesuretheydob