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1、第四节:论文的主要部分:引言(Introduction)引言,前言、导论、导言、序言、绪论、概论…..,整篇论文的引论部分总的要求:Thepurposeofanintroductionistobringthereaderintothegeneralareaofyourstudyandthenstatethespecificareaofstudy(movefromthegeneraltothespecific).Theintroductionshowsthescopeofyourinvestigatio
2、nefforts.主要内容:Background(背景):statementofgeneralareaorhistoryofproblem,includingpreviousfindings,reportsorstudies.Whatwedon’tknow,Whatdoweknowaboutthesubjects?.Whoelsehasdonewhat?How?Whathavewedonepreviously?Onlyrelevantinformationshouldbeprovided;don’tw
3、riteareview引言IntroductionObjective(目的):statementofpurposeofcurrentstudyThejustificationfortheobjective(意义):statementofimportanceorneed.RationaleandSignificance.Whyyouwanttodoit?Don’trepeatabstract.MakeanappealtogeneralreadersGuidancetothereader(研究问题的具体范
4、围):whatshouldthereaderwatchforinthepaper?whataretheinterestinghighpoints?whatstrategydidweuse?Statementofspecificareaofproblemtobestudied.Approacheshowyouaregoingtodoit.Summary/conclusion(结果):whatshouldthereaderexpectasconclusion?Inadvancedversionoftheo
5、utline.引言的基本要求1)准确、清楚且简洁地指出所探讨问题的本质和范围,对研究背景的阐述做到繁简适度。文字不可冗长,内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎,措词要精炼,要吸引读者读下去。不要与摘要雷同.篇幅大小,并无硬性的统一规定,长的可达700~800字或1000字左右,短的可不到100字。(2)在背景介绍和问题的提出中,应引用“最相关”的文献以指引读者。重要的参考文献应在引言中有所描述,不贬低已有成果、不夸大自己的成果,注意审稿者、读者及其他同行的认同感。(3)采取适当的方式强调作者在本次研究中最重要的
6、发现或贡献,让读者顺着逻辑的演进阅读论文。(4)解释或定义专门术语或缩写词,以帮助编辑、审稿人和读者阅读稿件。(5)适当地使用“I”,“We”或“Our”,以明确地指示作者本人的工作,叙述前人工作的欠缺以强调自己研究的创新时,应慎重且留有余地。论文中的英语问题英语不是问题认真,避免拼写和语法错误认真看几篇类似的好论文但不能照抄别人的表述引言写作难点:1.如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性叙述了前人成果+However:However,littleinformation(atte
7、ntion..,work...,data,research)orfewstudies(investigations...,researchers...,attempts...)orno/noneofthesestudieshas(have)beendoneon(focusedon,attemptedto,conducted,investigated,studied)(withrespectto)orPreviousresearch(studies,records)has(have)failedtoco
8、nsider(ignored,misinterpreted,neglectedto,overestimated,underestimated,misleaded),thus,thesepreviousresultsareinconcluisive(misleading,unsatisfactory,questionable,controversial..)orUncertainties(discrepancies)stillexist...一般提出一种新