《现代词汇学Cha》PPT课件

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1、Chapter5ChangeofMeaningObjectivesofthischapterTounderstandthenatureofsemanticchange;Tolearnthemajormodesofsemanticchange:extension,narrowing,elevation,degradation,transfer;Tounderstandthecausesofsemanticchange.Vocabulary1.mostunstableelementofalanguage2.under

2、goingconstantchangesbothinformandcontent3.comparatively,meaningevenmoreunstableQuirk:‘...almosteverywordweusetodayhasaslightlydifferentmeaningfromtheoneithadacenturyago,andacenturyagoithadaslightlydifferentmeaningfromtheoneithadacenturybeforethat’.Shakespeare

3、’suseIfyoudomeetHoratioandMarcellus,therivalsofmywatch,bidthemmakehaste…(fromHamlet)（Hamlet里Barnardo说）你若是遇见我的同班的伙伴何瑞修和马赛勒斯，叫他们快点来rival=partner,therivalsofmywatch：我的守夜的伙伴们（上面译文中的同班，指的是同一班守卫）Howpregnantsometimeshisrepliesare…（Polonius在解读Hamlet装疯的痴话时说）pregnant=m

4、eaningfulContents1.Polysemy2.Typesofsemanticchange1.PolysemyDefinition:thesamewordmayhavetwoormoredifferentmeaningsWhenawordisfirstcoined,itisalwaysmonosemic.Butinthecourseofdevelopment,thesamesymbolmustbeusedtoexpressmoremeanings.Theresultispolysemy.ButHowdo

5、esawordacquirenewmeanings?Inwhatwayarethemeaningsrelatedtooneanother?(1)Primarymeaning&derivativemeaningPrimarymeaningreferstowhatawordoriginallymeantandthederivativemeaningreferstothemeaningspringingfromtheoriginalmeaning.Thisprocesscanbedemonstratedbythefol

6、lowingchart.legFurthernotesonprimarymeaning&derivativemeaningTherearealsomanyinstancesinwhichtheprimarymeaninggavebirthtonewmeanings,andasaresulttheprimarymeaningbecameeitherobsoleteordisappearedaltogether.harvest--‘timeofcutting’(primarymeaning)--'reapingand

7、gatheringthecrops’,'aseason'syieldofgrainorfruit'(derivativemeanings)pain--'penaltyorpunishment’preservedonlyinsuchphrasesas“painsandpenalty”and“upon/underpainof”(primarymeaning)--'suffering','greatdiscomfortofthebodyormind'(derivedmeanings)(2)Centralmeaning&

8、secondarymeaningRadiation:animportantprocessbywhichwordsextendtheirmeaning.Theprimaryorcentralmeaningappearsatthecenterintheformofahubandsecondarymeaningsradiateoutfromitlikethespokeofawh