Learning Words in a Second Language用第二语言学习单词

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1、CHAPTER2LearningWordsinaSecondLanguageIwentintothewordandIfoundlove.—Froma5th-gradeSpanish-speakingstudentwhohadlearnedtousefirst-languagecognateknowledgeandsecond-languagemorphologicalknowledgetoinferthemeaningofanunknownEnglishwordamorousIswordlearningdifferentinasecondlanguage

2、?Clearly,webelieveitisdiffer-entinsomeways.Wewouldnothavewrittenthisbookifwethoughtotherwise.ResearchandtheoryaboutthevocabularyacquisitionandinstructionofnativeEnglishspeakershasbeenveryinfluentialinshapingthewaywethinkabouthowtoteachvocabularytosecond-languagelearners,butresear

3、chandtheoryonbi-lingualismandsecond-languageacquisitionalsosuggestthatthereareimportantdifferencesbetweeninstructioninafirstlanguageandinasecondthatweneedtoattendtoinordertoincreaseinstructionaleffectivenessandefficiency.Onesourceofdifferencesbetweenfirst-andsecond-languagevocabu

4、larydevelopmentstemsfromlearners’degreeofproficiencyinthesecondlanguage.Asecondstemsfromlearners’levelofproficiencyinthemothertongue.State-reporteddataindicatethattherewereanestimated5.3millionEnglishlanguagelearnersenrolledinU.S.publicschools(preKthroughgrade12)forthe2008–2009sc

5、hoolyear.Thisnumberrepresentsapproximately10.8%oftotalpublicschoolstudentenrollment(Nation-alCenterforEnglishLanguageAcquisition,2011a).AdditionaldataindicatethatthenumberofELLsinU.S.publicschoolsincreased51%betweenthe1998–1999and2008–2009schoolyears,withincreasesin11statesofover

6、200%(NationalCenterforEnglishLanguageAcquisition,2011b).Inthischapter,wetakeupthreemajortopics:First,weconsiderthevocabu-larylearningtaskthatstudentsfaceacrosstheK–12years.Thenweconsidertheroleofindividual,home,school,andinstructionalcontextinsecond-languagevo-cabularydevelopment

7、.Finally,weturntothemainthemeofthechapter,effectivevocabularyinstruction.THEVOCABULARYLEARNINGTASKSTUDENTSFACEWhatIsaWord?Vocabularycanbeclassifiedasreceptive(wordsweunderstandwhenothersusethem)orproductive(wordsweuseourselves).Vocabularycanalsobeclassifiedas10LearningWordsinaSec

8、ondLanguage11oralorwritten.Thus,eachofus