周三班修辞学补充材料

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1、Q1Scientiststypicallydotheirmostcreativeworkbeforetheageofforty.Itiscommonlythoughtthatthishappensbecauseagingbyitselfbringsaboutalossofcreativecapacity.However,astudyhasfoundthatalmostallscientistswhoproducehighlycreativeworkbeyondtheageoffortyenteredtheirfieldslateandlessthana

2、dozenyearsbeforetheircreativebreakthroughs.Sincecreativebreakthroughsbyscientistsunderfortyalsogenerallyoccurwithinadozenyearsofthescientists’entryintothefield,thestudy’sfindingstronglysuggeststhattherealreasonwhyscientistsoverfortyrarelyproducehighlycreativeworkisnotduetoagebut

3、ratherbecausemosthavespenttoolongintheirfields.Intheargumentgiven,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingroles?A.Thefirstisthepositionthattheargumentasawholedepends;thesecondisevidencethatisadvancedaspartofthatevidence.B.Thefirstandsecondarebothclaimsthathavebeenadvanced

4、insupportofapositionthattheargumentasawholeopposes.C.Thefirstisanexplanationthattheargumentchallenges;thesecondprovidesevidenceinsupportofacompetingexplanationthattheargumentdefends.D.Thefirstisanexplanationthattheargumentchallenges;thesecondisevidencethathasbeenusedagainstanalt

5、ernativeexplanationthattheargumentdefends.E.Thefirstisanexplanationthattheargumentdefends;thesecondisevidencethathasbeenusedtochallengethatexplanation.Q2Lymediseaseiscausedbyabacteriumtransmittedtohumansbydeerticks.Generallydeertickspickupthebacteriumwhileinthelarvalstagefromfee

6、dingoninfectedwhite-footedmice.However,certainotherspeciesonwhichthelarvaefeeddonotharborthebacterium.Therefore,ifthepopulationoftheseotherspecieswereincreased,thenumberofticksacquiringthebacteriumandhencethenumberofpeoplecontractingLymediseasewouldlikelydecline.Whichofthefollow

7、ing,iftrue,moststrengthenstheargument?A.TicksdonotsufferanyadverseconsequencesfromcarryingthebacteriumthatcausesLymediseaseinhumans.B.Therearenoknowncasesofahuman’scontractingLymediseasethroughcontactwithwhite-footedmice.C.Adeertickfeedsonlyoncewhileinthelarvalstage.D.Asinglehos

8、tanimalcanbethesourceofbacteriumformanyticklarv