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1、SICCode:NAICSCode:ManagementConsultingServices8742-ManagementConsultingServices541611-AdministrativeManagementandGeneralManagementConsultingServicesManagementconsultantsprovideadministrative,strategic,andtechnicaladviceandtrainingtoorganizationsinth
2、epublicandprivatesectors.Examplesoftheseservicesincludefinancialplanning,organizationalplanning,marketingadvice,informationtechnologyconsulting,humanresourceplanning,andlogisticsadvice.Certainindustryfirmsalsoprovidemanagementaccountingandauditingser
3、vices;seealsoAccounting,Auditing,andBookkeepingServicesforadiscussionoftheseactivities.Othersspecializeinvariousformsofinformationtechnologyplanningandsystemsmanagement,whichisdiscussedingreaterdetailundertheheadingInformationTechnologyServices.Backg
4、roundandDevelopmentTheoriginsoftheindustrycanbetracedbackto"timeandmotion"studiesperformedintheUnitedStatesinthe1880s.AroundthattimeFrankandLillianGilbrethimprovedmethodsforlayingbricksbyeliminatingunnecessarystepsor"motions"inthebricklayingprocess.F
5、rankW.TaylorsimilarlyincreasedproductivityintheU.S.steelindustrybyidentifyingandtimingindividualelementsinvolvedinvariousprocessesandthenpinpointingsourcesofinefficiency.In1881thefirstmanagementconsultingfirmwasestablishedinCambridge,Massachusetts,by
6、ArthurD.Little.Thefirm,bearingthesamenameasthefounder,quicklyestablisheditselfasaviablebusinessandmaintainedaleadershippositioninthemanagementconsultingindustryforover100years.ThatsameyearsawtheestablishmentofthefirstU.S.collegiatebusinessschool,theW
7、hartonSchool,alsolocatedinCambridge,Massachusetts.Nearlytwodecadeslater,in1900,thefirstgraduateschoolofbusinessappeared,DartmouthAmosTuckSchool,followedbytheHarvardBusinessSchoolin1908.ThefirstEuropeaninstitute,InstituteEuropeand'Administration(INSEA
8、D),appearedinFontainbleau,France,in1959.Businessschoolssuppliedbothqualifiedconsultantsandbusinessresearchtothemanagementconsultingfield.Duringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,acontingentofsmallconsultingfirmsandenterprisingindividualsbegantoadviseb
