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1、PrinciplesofEvolution,EcologyandBehavior:Lecture1TranscriptProfessorStephenStearns:Biologicalevolutionhastwobigideas.Oneofthemhastodowithhowtheprocessoccurs,andthat'scalledmicroevolution.It'sevolutiongoingonrightnow.Evolutionisgoingoninyourbodyrightnow.You'vegotabout1013thbacter
2、iaineachgramofyourfeces,andtheyhaveenoughmutationsinthemtocovertheentirebacterialgenome.Everytimeyouflushthetoilet,youflushanentirenewsetofinformationonbacterialgenomesdownthetoilets.It'sgoingonallthetime.Now,theothermajorthemeismacroevolution.Thisprocessofmicroevolutionhascreat
3、edahistory,andthehistoryalsoconstrainstheprocess.Theprocesshasbeengoingonfor3.8billionyears.Ithascreatedahistorythathaduniqueeventsinit,andthingshappenedinthathistorythatnowconstrainfurthermicroevolutiongoingontoday.That'soneofthetrickythingsaboutevolution.Ithasmanydifferentscal
4、es.Mywifealwaysgetsfrustratedwithme.Shesays,"Wellwhendidthathappen?"Isay,"Ohnottoolongago,onlyabout20millionyears."And,youknow,that'swhathappenswhenyoubecomeanevolutionarybiologist,youzoominandoutofdeeptimealot.Andthisprocessofmicroevolutionisgoingtobethefirstthingweexamine.It's
5、thenutsandbolts.It'swhat'sreallycreatedthepatterns.Butthepatternsofmacroevolutionarealsoveryimportantbecausetheyrecordthehistoryoflifeontheplanetandtheyconstrainthecurrentprocess.Sotheevolutionpartofthecourseissetupbasicallywithtwointroductorylectures.ThenI'mgoingtospendsixlectu
6、restalkingaboutmicroevolutionaryprinciples.Sothesearethingsthatyoucanalwaysreturntoifyouarepuzzledaboutaproblem.Thenthere'llbefivelecturesonhoworganismsaredesignedforreproductivesuccess.Thisincludescoolstufflikesexualselection,matechoice,thatkindofstuff.Iusuallymanagetogivethese
7、xualselectionlecturejustaboutonValentine'sDay.Thenwe'lldomacroevolutionaryprinciples.Thishastodobothwithspeciation,hownewspeciesform,andwithhowbiologistsnowanalyzethetreeoflifetotrytounderstandandinferthehistoryoflifeontheplanet.Thenwe'lltakealookatthathistory,lookingatkeyevents
8、--andthisincludesbothfossilsandthediversityofor
