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1、英汉对比语言学Unitone:Linguistictypologyisasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesandclassifieslanguagesaccordingtotheirstructuralandfunctionalfeatures.Itsaimistodescribeandexplainthecommonpropertiesandthestructuraldiversityoftheworld'slanguages.Contrastivelinguisticsisa branch of l
2、inguistics which studies two or more languages with the aimsof discovering their differences andsimilarities(especially the former) andapplying these findings torelated areas of study. Alanguageisasystemofhumancommunicationwhichconsistsofunitslikemorphemes,words,senten
3、ces,andutterances.Itisasystemofsymbolswhichcombinesoundsandmeaningstogether.languageandthinkingTheFeaturesofLanguage1)reflexivity(自反性）2)arbitrariness（任意性）3)duality（双重性）4)displacement（异时异地性）5)productivity（能产性）6)culturaltransmission（文化传递性）Therelationshipbetweenspeechsoun
4、dsandthemeaningstheyrepresentinthelanguagesoftheworldis,forthemostpart,arbitrary.Thereisnoinherentrelationbetweenthetwo.GrammaticalcharacteristicsoftheChineselanguage.1.Thepartofspeechofaworddoesnotcorrespondtoitsfunctioninthesentence.2.Compoundwords,phrasesandsentence
5、shavesimilarstructure.3.4CiteexamplestodemonstratethegenerallybelievedopinionthatwordOrderandfunctionalwordareimportantmeansintheChineselanguageforexpressinggrammaticalmeanings.Chineseisanisolatinglanguage,asitswordsdonotundergomorphologicalchangewhenservingdifferentgr
6、ammaticalfunctions.Unit2morphology----thestudyofmorphemesandtheirdifferentforms,andthewaytheycombineinwordformation.Morphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulindivisibleunitsofwhichawordismadeup.Lexicalization:Theprocessofaddingwords,setphrases,orwordpatternstoalanguage–thatis,of
7、addingitemstoalanguage's lexicon.Wordshavefourtypesofmotivation:1) phoneticmotivation,Grammaticalmotivation,Semanticmotivation,philologicalmotivationP41Englishisaphonemelanguage,whoselettersdonotrepresentanymeaning,whileChineseisamorphemelanguage,oranideographiclanguag
8、e.Discretewordsareseparated-unitedwords:Verb-objectexpressionswhichhaveatleastonecomponentthatcannonstandaloneandwhic
