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1、JamesJoyceJamesJoycewasborninDublinasthesonofJohnStanislausJoyce,impoverishedgentleman,whohadfailedinadistillerybusinessandtriedallkindsofprofessions,includingpoliticsandtaxcollecting.Joyce'smother,MaryJaneMurray,wastenyearsyoungerthanherhusband.Shewasanaccomplishedpianist,whoselifewasdominated
2、bytheRomanCatholicChurchandherhusband.Inspiteofthepoverty,thefamilystruggledtomaintainsolidmiddle-classfacade.FromtheageofsixJoyce,waseducatedbyJesuitsatClongowesWoodCollege,atClane,andthenatBelvedereCollegeinDublin(1893-97).LatertheauthorthankedJesuitsforteachinghimtothinkstraight,althoughhere
3、jectedtheirreligiousinstructions.Atschoolheoncebrokehisglassesandwasunabletodohislessons.ThisepisodewasrecountedinAPORTRAITOFTHEARTISTASAYOUNGMAN(1916).In1898heenteredtheUniversityCollege,Dublin,wherehefoundhisearlyinspirationsfromtheworksofHenrikIbsen,St.ThomasAquinasandW.B.Yeats.Joyce'sfirstp
4、ublicationwasanessayonIbsen'splayWhenWeDeadAwaken.ItappearedinFortnightlyReviewin1900.Atthistimehebeganwritinglyricpoems.Aftergraduationin1902thetwenty-year-oldJoycewenttoParis,whereheworkedasajournalist,teacherandinotheroccupationsindifficultfinancialconditions.HespentinFranceayear,returningwh
5、enatelegramarrivedsayinghismotherwasdying.Notlongafterherdeath,Joycewastravelingagain.HeleftDublinin1904withNoraBarnacle,achambermaid(theymarriedin1931),stayinginPola,Austria-Hungary,andinTrieste,whichwastheworld’sseventhbusiestport.JoycegaveEnglishlessonsandtalkedaboutsettingupanagencytosellIr
6、ishtweed.RefusedapostteachingItalianliteratureinDublin,hecontinuedtoliveabroad.TheTriesteyearswerenomadic,poverty-stricken,andproductive.JoyceandNoralovedthiscosmopolitanportcityattheheadoftheAdriaticSea,wheretheylivedinanumberofdifferentaddresses.DuringthisperiodJoycewrotemostofDUBLINERS(1914)
7、,allofAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan,theplay,EXILES(1918),andlargesectionsofUlysses.SeveralofJoyce'ssiblingsjoinedthem,andtwochildren,GiorgioandLucia,wereborn.ThechildrengrewupspeakintheTriestedialectofItalian.JoyceandNorastayedt
