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1、大西洋到底有多宽？--论欧、美文明的同宗与异见 ByPeterSchneider-秋叶评注 ThewarinIraqhasmadetheAtlanticseemwider.Butreallyithashadtheeffectofamagnifyingglass,bringingolderandmorefundamentaldifferencesbetweenEuropeandtheUnitedStatesintofocus.2 Thesegrowingdivisions?overwar,peace,reli
2、gion,sex,lifeanddeath?amounttoaphilosophicaldisputeaboutthecommonoriginsofEuropeanandAmericancivilization.BothchildrenoftheEnlightenment,theUnitedStatesandEuropeclearlydifferaboutthenatureofthisinheritanceandaboutwhoisitsbettercustodian.3 Startwithreligion.T
3、heUnitedStatesisexperiencingarevivaloftheChristianfaithinmanyareasofcivicandpoliticallife,whileinEuropetheprocessofsecularizationcontinuesunabated.4TodaytheUnitedStatesisthemostreligious-mindedsocietyoftheWesterndemocracies.Ina2003Harrispoll579percentofAmeric
4、anssaidtheybelievedinGod,andmorethanathirdsaidtheyattendedareligiousserviceonceamonthormore.NumerouspollshaveshownthatthesefiguresaremuchlowerinWesternEurope.IntheUnitedStatesamajorityofrespondentsinrecentyearstoldpollstersthattheybelievedinangels,whileinEuro
5、petheissuewasapparentlyconsideredsopreposterous6thatnooneevenaskedthequestion. TermsthatPresidentGeorgeW.Bushhasused,like"crusade"and"axisofevil,"andManichaeanexclusionslikehisobservationthatanyonewhoisnotonoursideisonthesideoftheterrorists,revealtheassumpti
6、onofareligiousmantlebyasecularpower,whichinEuropehasbecomeunthinkable.7Wasitnot,perhaps,thissamesenseofreligiousinfallibilitythatseducedseniormembersoftheBushadministrationintoleadingtheircountryintoawarwithIraqonthebasisofinformationthathasturnedouttobefalse
7、?8 AnotherreasonforEurope'salienationfromtheUnitedStatesishardertodefine,butforwantofabetterterm,IcallitAmericannarcissism9. WhenAmericantroopsinIraqmistakenlyshootanArabjournalistorreducehalfofavillagetorubbleinresponsetotheexplosionofaroadsidebomb,therewi
8、llinevitablybeabacklash10.Onlyafoolwouldmaintainthatanoccupyingpowercouldaffordmanysuchmistakes,evenifitisunderconstantthreatofsuicideattacks.Thesuccessofanoccupationpolicy—howevertempora
