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1、ChapterSevenLanguage,Culture,andSociety外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》Outline7.1Introduction7.2Varietiesoflanguage7.3Standarddialect7.4PidginandCreole7.5Bilingualismanddiglossia7.6Task外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》7.1Introduction7.1.1DefinitionsSociolinguistics:Sociolinguisticsisthesub-fieldofling
2、uisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguageandsociety,betweentheusesoflanguageandthesocialstructuresinwhichtheusersoflanguagelive.(DaiandHe,2002,p.111)Sociolinguisticsisthefieldthatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguageandsociety,betweentheusesoflanguageandthesocialstruc
3、turesinwhichtheusersoflanguagelive.Itisafieldofstudythatassumesthathumansocietyismadeupofmanyrelatedpatternsandbehaviours,someofwhicharelinguistic.(Spolsky,2000,p.3)外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》Sociolinguistics:thestudyoflinguisticbehaviorasdeterminedbysocioculturalfactors.(Merria
4、m-WebsterOnlineDictionary:http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=sociolinguistics)Thestudyoflanguageandlinguisticbehaviorasinfluencedbysocialandculturalfactors.(http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=sociolinguistics)Sociolinguisticsisthestudyofth
5、eeffectofanyandallaspectsofsociety,includingculturalnorms,expectations,andcontext,onthewaylanguageisused.(Wikipedia:http://www.answers.com/topic/sociolinguistics)外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》7.1.2LanguageandsocietySocialfactorsmustbeincludedindescriptionoflanguageandlanguageuse.La
6、nguageisnotonlyusedtocommunicatemeaning,butalsomaintainsocialrelationships.Whatandhowwespeakmayreflectourselves.Lexiconreflectsbothphysicalandthesocialenvironmentsofasociety.Judgmentsonlanguagemayvaryamonglinguistsandordinarypeople.外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》7.1.3Speechcommunity
7、andspeechvarietyGenerallinguistsandsociolinguistslookatspeechcommunitydifferently.Inaspeechcommunitytherearedifferentkindsofsocialgroupswhicharedividedindifferentways(educationalbackground,occupation,gender,age,ethnicaffiliation)Speechvariety:anydistinguishableformof
8、speechusedbyaspeakeroragroupofspeaker.(threetypes:regionaldialects,sociolects,registers)外语学院精品课程《英语语言学》7.2Varietiesoflanguage7.2.1D
