安徽大学外语学院语言学课件

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1、安徽大学外语学院语言学课件ChapterOne1.   语言学的主要分支是什么。每个分支的研究对象是什么？Linguisticsmainlyinvolvesthefollowingbranches:Generallinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguageasawholeandwhichdealswiththebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudyPhonetics,whichstudiesthesoundsthata

2、reusedinlinguisticcommunicationPhonology,whichstudieshowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationMorphology,whichstudiesthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsSyntax,whichstudieshowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesSemantics,whichisthestudyofmeaninginlanguage.Pragmatics,w

3、hichisthestudyofmeaningnotinisolation,butincontextofuseSociolinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyPsycholinguistics,whichisthestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmind.Appliedlinguistics,whichisconcernedabouttheapplicationoflinguisticfindingsinlinguisticstudies;

4、Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Otherrelatedbranchesareanthropologicallinguistics,neurologicallinguistics,mathematicallinguistics,andcomputationallinguis

5、tics. 2.   现代语言学与传统语法有什么区别？Traditionalgrammarisprescriptive;itisbasedon"high"(religious,literary)writtenlanguage.Itsetsmodelsforlanguageuserstofollow.ButModernlinguisticsisdescriptive;itsinvestigationsarebasedonauthentic,andmainlyspokenlanguagedata.Itissupposedtobescientificandobjective

6、andthetaskoflinguistsissupposedtodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,whetheritis"correct"ornot. 3.   什么叫共时研究？什么叫历时研究？ThedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisaSynchronicstudy;thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.Asynchronicstudyoflanguagedescribesalanguag

7、easitisatsomeparticularpointinrime,whileadiachronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime. 4.   人类语言的甄别性特征是什么？1)ArbitrarinessItmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.Forinstance,thereisnon