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1、Professional-relatedEngineeringUnit3Waterlegislation水立法Professional-relatedEngineeringWaterisaprimarynaturalresource,inthesenseofbeingnecessaryforhumanexistenceandfrequentlyinshortsupply.naturalresource自然资源inshortsupply供应不足从人类生存的需要和经常性地缺乏来考虑，水是一类基本的自然资源。Professional-relatedEngi
2、neeringInordertobeusefultopeople,anaturalresourcemustbeavailableinadequatequantity,inappropriatequality,intherightplace,attherighttime,andatreasonablecost.Inorderto为了……beusefulto对……有用为了对人类是有用的，自然资源必须是数量足够、质量适当、地点和时间恰当、费用合理。Professional-relatedEngineeringWaterresourcemanagementi
3、sthemaximizationofasmanyofthesevariablesaspossibleinresponsetodemands——frequently,conflictingdemands——forwater.as……aspossible尽可能inresponseto响应，适应水资源管理就是在各种情况下，最大程度地满足用水量需求——通常是相互矛盾的需求。Professional-relatedEngineeringWaterresourcepolicyconsistsofthosepublicdecisions,andthecriteri
4、aonwhichtheyaremade,thataffectwaterresourcemanagement.consistsof由……组成publicdecisions公众决议They指代publicdecisions水资源政策由公众决议和标准法规组成，而这些标准法规是公众决议的依据，同时影响水资源管理。Professional-relatedEngineeringLawisonemeansofformulatingandeffectuatingwaterresourcepolicy.法律是阐述和实行水资源政策的一种手段。1.WaterLaw水法Mo
5、stwritesonwaterlawdeclarethat“waterlawisthecreation,allocation,andadministrationofwaterrights.”在绝大多数的水法中都声称，水法引发出水权，并对水权进行分配和管理。Professional-relatedEngineeringButthisisaninaccurate,unproductivedefinitionbasedontheartificialdichotomybetweenwaterquantityandquality.basedon以……为基础但它
6、以对水量和水质的人为割裂为基础，是一个不确切、没有价值的定义。Professional-relatedEngineeringTraditionally,thegeneralterm“waterlaw”hasbeensynonymouswithlegalrightstoparticularamountsofwater,especiallyintheAmericanWest.习惯上，就详细的水量来讲，通用术语“水法”和水权是同义语，特别是在美国西部。Professional-relatedEngineeringCasebooksandcommentari
7、esonwaterlawfrequentlyalsodiscussmattersrelatedtowaterquantity,suchasfederalwaterresourcedevelopmentandpublicrecreationalaccessanduse.relatedto与……相关关于水权的个案记录和注释也经常讨论和水量有关的事件，如联邦水资源开发和公共娱乐用水。Professional-relatedEngineeringHowever,thelawofwaterqualityisalmostalwaysomittedfrom,org
8、ivenshortshriftby,thesebooks.togiveshortshrift不理会，忽视，轻
