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1、RacialPerspectiveof“Recitatif”肖Abstract:ToniMorrison,thePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAwardwinner,isamajorvoiceinBlackwriting.Allofhernovelsare,inasense,“historicalnovels”,inwhichcharacters,asBarbaraRigney(1991)hasputit,are“bothsubjectsofandsubjectto
2、history,eventsin‘realtime’,thatsuccessionofantagonisticmovementsthatincludesslavery,reconstruction,depression,andwar.”Recitatifistheonlyshortstoryshehaswritten,ithasmainlybeenstudiedintermsofunreliablenarrator,racialrelations,andnarratology,andrelated
3、perspectives.Inhershortstory“Recitatif”,ToniMorrisonrevealsthedilemmaandstruggleoftheblackpeopleasshealwaysdidinherfictions,becauseherworks,toalargeextent,areaccountsofofficialhistory,hiddenfromwhichshegivesvoicetovoicelesspeople.AsWiserwrites,“Morris
4、onvaluestheinfluenceandpowerofherheritage,recuperatinghistorical,livedmomentsinAfricanAmericanhistorytofillintheblanks.”Inthisshortstory,sheneverpointsoutwhichcharacterisblack,whichiswhite,betweenwhotherearesomeratherpoignantconflicts,creatingmanyinde
5、terminateandabsentelements,aswellasindividualanxieties,altogethercomposeabigmythoftheshortstoryforthereaders,whichisoneofMorrison’scentralthemesinherworks.Myth,togetherwithblackness,compose“Recitatif”.Ingeneral,allofMorrison’sprotagonistsexist“inaworl
6、ddefinedbyitsblacknessandbythesurroundingwhitesocietythatbothviolatesanddeniesit.”Thereisviolencein“Recitatif”,butthereisnodirectdescriptionofviolencewhichcouldonlybefeltandreallyhurts.Itismoreaboutpsychicviolence,“Thedestructiveeffectofthewhitesociet
7、ycantaketheformofoutrightphysicalviolence,butoppressioninMorrison’scharacters,forthebrutalityhereislessasingleactthanthesystematicdenialoftherealityofblacklives.”Withapurposeof“Blacken”herfiction,Jennings(2008)hassaidthat“Morrison’swriterlyvisionoffer
8、smorethanthepresenceofaparticularAfricancosmologicalorreligiousartifact;itfocuses‘onthephilosophicallinkages’betweenAfricansandAfricanAmericans.”Itissuch“cosmologies”whichembedinwhatWadeW.NoblescallsAfricanAmericans’“experientialcommunity”,the
