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1、TheJewandtheMoor:Shakespeare’sRacialVision犹太人与摩尔人：莎翁的种族见识摘要:种族非莎剧最重要主题之一，但莎翁于五剧本中透过十一人物呈现其「种族见识」。犹太人与摩尔人代表两种最基本的种族主义：在以基督教和白人为中心的莎剧世界里，宗教和肤色成为种族歧视的主因。本论文谈到莎剧中各项种族的傲慢与偏见，探究种族主义的相关因素，归纳莎翁对种族问题的看法，最后提出莎翁心灵所见的灵象：「羞锁客」(Shylock)摔不掉种族意识的锁，而奥赛罗永远被种族主义的手巾绑住而喊叫：「噢！地狱啰!」(Ot,hell,O!)。从莎剧中，我们可以看出：莎翁看到种族各异
2、，但主张种族间应有自由、平等、博爱，所以他是人道主义者，其宏大的心灵带来的是不偏不倚的种族见识。Abstract:RacewasneverShakespeare’scentraltheme,butShakespeare’scomprehensivesoulhascreatedanimpressiveracialvision.Fiveofhisplayshavetouchedonracialproblemsandhisracialpersonaeareaboveten.TheJewandtheMooraretwomostprominentfigurersrepresentingtw
3、obasictypesofracisminShakespeare.Racialismcanbedistinguishedfromracism.Intrinsicracismandextrinsicracismareduetoracialprideandracialprejudice,respectively.Shakespeare’sworldwasawhite-centeredChristendom.Skincolorandreligionwerethustheelementalfeatures(ofnatureandnurture)thatinducedracism,Veni
4、ceorItalybeingShakespeare’sconvenientlocalefordramatizinghisracialactionsandreactions.Inthispaper,instancesofracialprideandprejudiceinShakespearearepresented,thecausesofracismareinvestigated,Shakespeare’sviewsofraceandracismarediscussed,andhisracialvisionisdelineated.Theconclusionis:Shakespea
5、rerecognizestheexistenceofracialdifferencesbutheisnotaracist.Shakespeareisinfactanimpartial,humanitariandramatistpreachinginterracialliberty,equality,andfraternity.InhisvisionthereisalwaysaShylocklockedupshylyinhisracialideology,accompaniedbyanOthellocrying“Ot,hell,O!”forvillainousmisuseofrac
6、ialconsciousness.Theplaywright’scomprehensivesoulwantseveryoneofustoshyawaytheracial“bond”thatcutsourheartsanddiscardtheracial“handkerchief”thatbringsustragediesinsteadofcuringourheadaches.31I.ComprehensiveSoulItiswellknownthatJohnDryden,inhis“AnEssayofDramaticPoesy,”makesNeanderpraiseShakesp
7、eareas“themanwhoofallmodern,andperhapsancientpoets,hadthelargestandmostcomprehensivesoul”(247).Butwhatexactlydidtheterm“comprehensivesoul”meantoNeanderorDryden?Thestatementthatimmediatelyfollowsthepraiseis:“Alltheimagesofnaturewerestillpresen
