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1、LectureTwoColonialAmerica&BenjaminFranklinOutline•HistoricalBackgroundandIdeology•LiteratureinColonialPeriod•RepresentativeWritersandTheirWorks•BenjaminFranklinBackground:BigEventsofThisperiod•1492,ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredtheAmericancontinent.•1617,thefirstBrit
2、ishcolonywasestablishedinJamestown,Virginia.•1620,MayflowerdroppedanchoratPlymouthharbor.•1629,thepuritansestablishedtheMassachusettsByColony.•1776-1783,IndependentWar;theformationofaFederativebourgeoisdemocraticrepublic---theUnitedStatesofAmerica.Theearliestsettler
3、sofAmericaTheearliestsettlers,includedDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards,Italians,andPortuguese.AllcontributedtotheformingoftheAmericancivilization,butthecoloniesthatbecamethefirstUnitedStatedwereforthemostpartEnglishsustainedbyEnglishtraditions,ruledbyEnglishlaw
4、s,supportedbyEnglishcommerce,andnamedafterEnglishmonarchs(君主)andEnglishlands:Georgia,Crolina,Virginia,Maryland,NewYork,NewHampshire,NewEngland.AmericanPuritanismThepuritansPuritanswasthenamegiveninthe16thcenturytothemoreextremeProtestantswithintheChurchofEnglandwhot
5、houghttheEnglishReformationhadnotgonefarenoughinreformingthedoctrinesandstructureofthechurch;theywantedtopurifytheirnationalchurchbyeliminatingeveryshredofCatholicinfluence.Inthe17thcenturymanyPuritansemigratedtotheNewWorld,wheretheysoughttofoundaholyCommonwealthinN
6、ewEngland.Puritanismremainedthedominantculturalforceinthatareaintothe19thcentury.Calvinism•CalvinismisthedoctrineofJohnCalvin,thegreatFrenchtheologian(神学者)wholivedinGeneva.It’sadoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonement(orthesalvationo
7、faselectedfew)throughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.•Unconditionalelection:theideathatGodhaddecreedwhowasdamnedandwhowassavedfrombeforethebeginningoftheworld.•无条件拣选：神没有任凭人在罪中灭亡，而是在创世以前就拣选了一群人施行拯救•Limitedatonement:theideathatChristdiedfortheelectonly.•有限救赎：基督的死只是为特定数
8、目的选民而死•Totaldepravity:humanity’suttercorruptionsincetheFall•完全堕落：总从亚当偷吃善恶果后，整个人类都堕落了•Irresistiblegrace:regenerationasentirelyaworkofGod,wh
