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1、AmericanLiteratureTheModernPeriodAmericanLiterature:TherealisticPeriod(1865-1914):Historicalbackground(1)TheAmericanCivilWar(1861-1865)thecivilwarbroughtabouttworesults:1.Furtherindustrialization,mechanization,urbanization,developmentoftransportationandcom
2、munication.2.Westwardmovement;by1890,thelastofthefirst48statesweresettled.(2)Darwin’sevolutionarytheoryand19thcenturyFrenchliteraturegivebirthtoRealisticWritingCharacteristicsofliterarywritings(1)Realism(现实主义)(2)Localcolor(地方特色,乡土色彩)(3)Naturalism(自然主义)(4)F
3、eministmovement:EmilyDickinson,HarrietBeecherStowe,SarahOrneJewett,KateChopin,EdithWharton,WillaCather.AmericanRealism(1865-1900)Importantwriters:WilliamDeanHowells.(Hedefinedrealismas“nothingmoreandnothinglessthanthetruthfultreatmentofmaterial”),HenryJame
4、sMarkTwainMajorwritersandtheirmajorworks1.MarkTwain(1835-1910)Biography(P.335)Specialfeaturesofhisworks:ComicnarratorLocalcolorism(e.g.ThelifeontheMississippiRiver)HumorLanguage(goodatusingvernacularlanguage)TheAdventuresofTomSawyer:astoryofhisseekingforfr
5、eedom,fame,fortune,love,manhood.ThenovelrevealstheAmericanvalues:oneisherocomplex,theotherisAmericandream.HisadventuresistherealizationofAmericandream.Ontheotherhand,thebookrecordtherisingAgeofAmericanBourgeoissystem.Italsobearstheironyandsatiretowardthere
6、ligionandby-thenpopularrigid,didacticchildreneducation,whichcurbedtheimaginationofchildrenandtheirinnatenatureforfreedomandadventuresandmoldedthemintoastereotypeoflifelessman.(2)TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn(哈克贝里.费恩历险记,1884)ThecontinuationofTheAdventuresof
7、TomSawyerCharacterization:aboutHuckFinn:TheprofoundportraitofHuckleberryFinnisoneofthegreatcontributionofthebooktothelegacyofAmericanliterature.Huckisasonofatowndrunkardandoflowsocialposition.HedoesnotlikeschoolandspeakslooseEnglish.Howeverroughandraw,heis
8、undeniablyanAmericanboy,notedforhistoughness,resilience(theabilitytoreturnquicklytoyourusualhealthorstateofmindaftersufferinganillness,difficulties,etc.),friendliness,resourcefulnessandadventurousspirit.Helik
