The English Renaissance

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1、Lecture4TheEnglishRenaissance1.TheNewMonarchy①　cause:TheWaroftheRosesbetweentheHouseofLancasterandtheHouseofYork②　result:TheKingofEnglandnowassumedgreaterpowerthanbefore.③　ending:HenryVIIfoundedtheTudordynasty,atotallynewtype,whichmettheneedsoftherisingbourgeoisie.2.TheReformation①　reason:Thei

2、nternationalregimeoftheRomanCatholicChurchhadlongbeenburdensometotheKingofEnglandinestablishinganabsolutemonarchy.②　cause:InEngland,itwasstartedbyHenryVIII.HedeclaredthebreakwithRome.③　essence:TheProtestantReformationwasinessenceapoliticalmovementinareligiousguise,apartofthelongstruggleofthebo

3、urgeoisclassforpower.④　process:ltheReformationwasfollowedcloselybytheCounter-ReformationduringthereignofQueenMary(1553-1558).lthewhoeislandwasconvulsedwiththeReformationandCounter-Reformationforhalfacentury.lThebloodyreligiouspersecutioncametoastopafterthechurchsettlementofQueenElizabeth(1558-

4、1603)1.TheEnglishBibleBeforethereformation,theLatinBiblewasuniversallyusedbytheCatholicchurches.TheEnglishtranslationoftheBibleemergedasaresultofthestrugglebetweenProtestantismandCatholicism.①　translation:lThefirstcompleteEnglishBiblewastranslatedbyJohnWycliffeandhisfollowers.lWilliamTyndalewo

5、rkedonanotherEnglishversionasanaidtothecauseofreligiousreform.lAuthorizedVersionwasmadein1611undertheauspicesofJamesIandsowassometimescalledtheKingJamesBible.②　significance:Apartfromitsreligiousinfluence,theAuthorizedVersionhashadagreatinfluenceonEnglishlangueandliterature.TheEnglishBiblehaswo

6、venitsphrasesandexpressionsintothetextureoftheEnglishlanguage,EnglishliteratureandEnglishlife.ItbecomesamonumentofEnglishlanguageandEnglishliterature.2.TheEnclosureMovementThepoliticalandreligiousturmoilsoftheagewerebutthereflctionofthechangesinthenationaleconomyofEnglandwhichdevelopedataslowb

7、utsteadypace.lEnglandwasaruralcountrywithalotofwoolforexport.lButfromthe15thcenturyonwardEnglandpasseddefinitelyfrombeingamereproducerofwooltobeingamanufactureofcloth.lThelage-scalemanufactureofclothnecessarilyputtheclothingindustryonac