系统解剖学ppt课件---附肢骨

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1、TheBonesofLimbs附肢骨医学生学习网http://www.medelites.com目的和要求1.掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上、下肢骨的重要体表标志2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列Theappendicularskeleton(附肢骨）thebriefintroductionIncludethebonesofupperlimbsandlowerlimbs.Becauseoftheerectstanding,theupperlimbsarereleasedfromweightbearingandbe

2、cometheorgansoflabourwithgreateranddelicatedmobility.sothatthebonesofupperlimbsarelighterandsmallerinshapeandsize.thebonesoflowerlimbsareveryheavyandstrong.Bonesofupperlimbs（上肢骨）Composition:Shouldgirdleclavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨BonesoffreeupperlimbInarmHumerus肱骨Inforearmulna尺骨Radius桡骨Inhand

3、Carpal腕骨metacarpals掌骨Phalanges指骨Clavicle（锁骨）“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackwardSternalend胸骨端mediallyandacromialend肩峰端laterally上面观下面观Theweakestpartoftheclavicleisatthejunctionofthemiddleandlateralthirds骨折部位Scapula（肩胛骨）Thescapulaisatriangularflatboneontheposterol

4、ateralofthethoraxbetweenthesecondandseventhribs.Twosurfaces:Anterior(orcostal)surface:subscapularfossa肩胛下窝Posterior(ordorsal)surface:spineofscapula肩胛冈supra-andinfraspinousfossa冈上/下窝acromion肩峰Threeborders:Superiorborder:(上缘）scapularnotch肩胛切迹coracoidprocess喙突Medial(vertebral)border脊柱缘La

5、teral(axillary)border腋缘Superior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalsspaceLateral:glenoidcavity关节盂supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上、下结节Threeangles:SuperiorInferiorLateralThehumerusisthelongestandlargestboneoftheupperlimb.IthasabodyandtwoendsUpperend:headofhum

6、erus肱骨头anatomicalneck解剖颈greaterandlessertubercles大、小结节surgicalneck外科颈(易骨折)Thehumerus（肱骨）Shaft:1.deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆onlateralsurface2.asulcusforradialnerve桡神经沟onposteriorsurface(肱骨中断骨折容易伤及桡神经引起垂腕)capitulum肱骨小头Trochlea肱骨滑车coronoidfossa冠突窝radialfossa桡窝olecranonfossa鹰嘴窝lateralandmedial

7、epicondyles内、外上髁sulcusforulnarnerve尺神经沟Lowerend:Radius(桡骨)Upperend:headofradius桡骨头neckofradius桡骨颈radialtuberosity桡骨粗隆Shaftinterosseousborder骨间缘Lowerend:styloidprocess桡骨茎突ulnarnotch尺切迹carpalarticularsurface腕关节面FractureofthedistalendoftheradiusUlnar尺骨Upperend:olecranon鹰嘴coronoidprocess冠

8、突troc