系统解剖学 上下肢骨课件.ppt

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1、TheBonesoftheUpperandLowerLimbs上下肢骨李静DepartmentofAnatomy目的和要求ObjectionsandRequirements1.掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上、下肢骨的重要体表标志(ImprotantLandmarksofBody)2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列Theappendicularskeleton(附肢骨）thebriefintroductionIncludethebonesofup

2、perandlowerlimbs.Becauseoftheerectstanding,theupperlimbsarereleasedfromweightbearingandbecometheorgansoflabourwithgreateranddelicatedmobility.Sothatthebonesofupperlimbsarelighterandsmallerinshapeandsize,andaccordinglythebonesoflowerlimbsareveryheavie

3、randstronger.So,Let'slearnthembyComparativeMethod.Bonesofupperlimbs（上肢骨）Composition:Shouldgirdleclavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨BonesoffreeupperlimbInarmHumerus肱骨InforearmUlna尺骨Radius桡骨InhandCarpals(8)腕骨Metacarpals(5)掌骨Phalanges(14)指骨Clavicle（锁骨）“S”shaped,innert

4、wothirds(内2/3)convexforwardsandouterthird（外1/3）convexbackwardsSternalend胸骨端medially（cylindrical）andacromialend肩峰端laterally(flatten)Superiorview上面观Inferiorview下面观Roughed窿凸不平的Smoothed光滑的Thetendentiousfracturepartoftheclavicleisatthejunctionofthemiddlea

5、ndlateralthirdsinwreastlingandtrafficaccidents.骨折部位TheFracturePartScapula（肩胛骨）Thescapulaisasomewhattriangularflatboneontheposterolateralofthethoraxbetweenthesecondandseventhribs.Twosurfaces:Anterior(orcostal)surface:subscapularfossa肩胛下窝Posterior(ordo

6、rsal)surface:spineofscapula肩胛冈(sword)supra-andinfraspinousfossa冈上/下窝acromion肩峰Threeborders:Superiorborder:(上缘）scapularnotch肩胛切迹coracoidprocess喙突Medial(vertebral)border脊柱缘Lateral(axillary)border腋缘Superior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thri

7、bor7thintercostalsspaceLateral:glenoidcavity关节盂supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上、下结节Threeangles:SuperiorInferiorLateralAveryusefullandmark两面三缘三角Thestructureiseudipleuralinthehumanbody.Right?Left?Thehumerusisthelongestandlargestboneoftheupperlimb.Ithas

8、ashaftandtwoendsUpperend:headofhumerus肱骨头anatomicalneck解剖颈greaterandlessertubercles大、小结节surgicalneck外科颈(易骨折)Thehumerus（肱骨）Shaft:1.deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆onlateralsurface2.asulcusforradialnerve桡神经沟onposteriorsurface(肱骨中断骨折容易伤及桡神经引起垂腕)capitulum肱骨小头Troch