附肢骨教学ppt课件

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1、TheBonesofLimbsdownDepartmentofAnatomyYunyangmedicalcollege目的和要求1.掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上、下肢骨的重要体表标志。2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列。downUpEachlimbhasagirdleandthreesegments.Intheupperlimb,thesearetheshouldergirdle,theupperarm,theforearmandthehand.Inthelowerlimb,thosearethepelvicgirdle,th

2、ethigh,thelegandthefoot.一、ThebonesofupperlimbsThebonesofupperlimbsincludeshouldergirdle上肢带骨andthebonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨.Theshouldergirdleconsistoftheclavicle锁骨andthescapula肩胛骨Thebonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨includetheboneofupperarm(humerus肱骨),thebonesoftheforearm(theradius桡骨andulna尺骨)andthebon

3、esofhand(thecarpalbones腕骨,metacarpalbones掌骨andphalanges指骨)一、Thebonesofupperlimbs1.Theclavicle锁骨TheClavicleisS-shapedandcurvedrodofbone.Themedial2/3oftheboneisconvexforwardwhereasthelateral1/3isconcaveforward.(一)Theshouldergirdle上肢带骨Theroundedmedial(orsternal胸骨端)endjiontsthesternum.Theflattene

4、dlateral(oracromial肩峰端)endjointsthescapula.1.Theclavicle锁骨Theweakestpartoftheclavicleisatthejunctionofthemiddleandlateralthirds.1.Theclavicle锁骨Thescapulahasthreeborders,threeanglesandtwosurfaces.threebordersSuperior:scapularnotch肩胛切迹coracoidprocess喙突Lateral(axillary)border腋缘Medial(vertebral)b

5、order脊柱缘2.Thescapula肩胛骨ThreeanglesSuperior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thribLateral:glenoidcavity关节盂2.Thescapula肩胛骨TwosurfacesAnteriorsurface:subscapularfossa肩胛下窝Posteriorsurface:supraspinousfossa冈上窝infraspinousfossa冈下窝spineofscapula肩胛冈acromion肩峰2.Thescapula肩胛骨Thehumerusisthelon

6、gestandlargestboneoftheupperlimb.Ithasabodyandtwoends.Upperend:headofhumerus肱骨头anatomicalneck解剖颈greaterandlessertubercles大、小结节surgicalneck外科颈1.Thehumerus肱骨（二）ThebonesoffreeupperlimbsShaft:1.deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆2.sulcusforradialnerve桡神经沟1.Thehumerus肱骨Lowerend:capitulum肱骨小头trochlea肱骨滑车coranoi

7、dfossa冠突窝radialfossa桡窝olecranonfossa鹰嘴窝lateralandmedialepicondyles内、外上髁sulcusforulnarnerve尺神经沟1.Thehumerus肱骨Theradiusisthelateralboneofthetwointheforearm.Ithasashaftandtwoends.Upperend:headofradius桡骨头neckofradius桡骨颈Lowerend:styloidprocess桡骨茎突