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1、WorldDevelopmentVol.28,No.12,pp.2029±2049,2000Ó2000ElsevierScienceLtd.AllrightsreservedPrintedinGreatBritainwww.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev0305-750X/00/$-seefrontmatterPII:S0305-750X(00)00071-1HumanDevelopmentandEconomicSustainability*SUDHIRANANDSt.Catherine'
2、sCollege,Oxford,UKandAMARTYASENTrinityCollege,Cambridge,UKSummary.ÐThispaperattemptstointegratetheconcernforhumandevelopmentinthepresentwiththatinthefuture.Inarguingforsustainablehumandevelopment,itappealstothenotionofethical``universalism''Ðanelementarydemand
3、forimpartialityofclaimsÐappliedwithinandbetweengenerations.Economicsustainabilityisoftenseenasamatterofintergenerationalequity,butthespeci®cationofwhatistobesustainedisnotalwaysstraightforward.Theaddendumexplorestherelationshipbetweendistributionalequity,susta
4、inabledevelopment,optimalgrowth,andpuretimepreference.Ó2000ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.FUTUREPROSPECTSANDPRESENTForexample,whileancientGreekphilosophersLIVESpresentedsomeofthemostfar-reachingana-lysesofindividualindependenceandauton-``Itisjustice,no
5、tcharity,thatiswantinginomy,theytypicallydidnothesitatetoleaveouttheworld,''wroteMaryWollstonecraft,thetheslavesÐandoftenwomentooÐfromthepioneeringfeminist,inAVindicationofthediscourse.ThelanguageandtherhetoricaswellRightsofWoman,publishedin1792,thesameasthere
6、alityofrightsinthecontemporaryyearinwhichherfriendThomasPaineworldareoftencharacterizedbytheneglectofpublishedthesecondpartoftheRightsofMan.particularsectionsofthepopulationÐlessBothwereconcernedwithgivingeveryoneÐprivilegedethnicgroups,exploitedclasses,womena
7、ndmenÐpowerovertheirownlivessequesteredwomen.andopportunitiestolivethewaytheyhadThebasicideaofexpanding``humancapa-reasonstovalue.Oneparticularfeatureoftheirbility,''orof``humandevelopment,''whichhascommonapproachisparticularlyworthbeenpursuedindierentformsinr
8、ecentyears,emphasizinginthecontextofpolicydiscussionsinvolvestheassertionoftheunacceptabilityof1today,viz.theimplicit``universalism''thatsuchbiasesanddiscrimination.Weshallnotchara
