Economic Development and Female Labor

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1、EconomicDevelopmentandFemaleLaborForceParticipationinTurkey:Time-SeriesEvidenceandCross-ProvinceEstimates*byAysitTanselDepartmentofEconomicsMiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,06531Ankara,TURKEYE-mail:atansel@metu.edu.trTelephone:90-312-2102057Fax:90-312-2101244Decembe

2、r,2001KeyWords:EconomicDevelopment,FemaleLaborForceParticipation,TurkeyJELCodes:J16,J21,J22Abstract:Recently,severalresearchershypothesizedthatfemalelaborforceparticipationrateexhibitsaU-shapeduringtheprocessofeconomicdevelopment.Thispaperprovidestimeserieseviden

3、ceonfemalelaborforceparticipationratesinTurkeyandconsidersitscross-provincialdeterminants.Timeseriesevidenceshowsthatafteraperiodofsharpdeclinethefemalelaborforceparticipationrateshaveexhibitedaslowdownintherateofdeclinerecently.Anupturninthisratemaybeexpecteddur

4、ingthecomingdecades.Inthecross-provincialdeterminantsoffemalelaborforceparticipationthemeasureofdevelopmentusedispercapitaGrossProvincialProduct.AquadraticterminpercapitaGrossProvincialProductandotherdeterminantsareincludedinthemodelsestimated.Themodelsareestimat

5、edusingdatafor67provincesforthreetimepoints-1980,1985and1990.TheresultsaffirmtheU-shapedimpactofeconomicdevelopment.Further,unemploymenthadaconsiderablediscouragingeffectonfemalelaborforceparticipationwhiletheimpactofeducationwasstronglypositive.Thehiddenunemploy

6、mentcomputationsindicatethaturbanfemaleunemploymentrateisunderestimatedandthediscouraged-workereffectforwomenissubstantial.·IwouldliketothankTuncerBulutaywhoinvitedandencouragedmetopreparethisstudy.IamgratefultoT.P.Schultzforadiscussion.IwouldliketothankSemsaÖzar

7、forreadingsuggestions,NilDemetGöngörforprogrammingassistanceandEnverTasti,SüreyyaTastiandAyzerPolatalloftheStateInstituteofStatisticsfortheirhelpwithsomeofthedatausedinthispaper.Anyerrorsaremyresponsibility.1.IntroductionTheeconomicanalysisoffemalelaborforceparti

8、cipatonattractedconsiderableattentionsincethepioneeringworksofMincer(1962)andCain1(1966).Thefemalelaborforceparticipationratesincreasedconsiderablyinthedevelop