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1、UnderstandingEconomicDevelopmentTomymuchlovedwifeSandra,whoknowsthisworkaswellasIdo,butwhohadthepatiencetolisten.UnderstandingEconomicDevelopmentAGlobalTransitionfromPovertytoProsperity?ColinWhiteFormerProfessorofEconomics,GraduateSchoolofManagement,LaTrobeUniver
2、sity,Melbourne,AustraliaEdwardElgarCheltenham,UK•Northampton,MA,USA©ColinWhite2009Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanicalorphotocopying,recording,orotherwisewithoutt
3、hepriorpermissionofthepublisher.PublishedbyEdwardElgarPublishingLimitedTheLypiatts15LansdownRoadCheltenhamGlosGL502JAUKEdwardElgarPublishing,Inc.WilliamPrattHouse9DeweyCourtNorthamptonMassachusetts01060USAAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrar
4、yLibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009933390ISBN9781847207814PrintedandboundbyMPGBooksGroup,UKContentsPrefaceviiPARTIINTRODUCTION:THEORYANDHISTORY1Theroleoftheoryandhistoryinexplainingmoderneconomicdevelopment32Theconventionalwisdomoftheeconomist233Theoptimist’svie
5、w:convergence414Introducingrealtimewithanarrative59PARTIIULTIMATECAUSES:AFIXEDORMALLEABLECONTEXT5Resourcesasastimulantorconstraint:theroleofgeography916Geographyandbeyond:theimportanceofriskenvironments1137Humancapital:education,healthandaptitude1358Theinstitutio
6、nalsetting:government,marketandcivilsociety156PARTIIITHEDRIVINGFORCES9Innovationasaprimemover18510Governmentprovidesthecontext:motivationandpolicies213PARTIVDEVISINGAPPROPRIATENARRATIVES11ReleasefromtheMalthusiantrap24312Continuityanddiscontinuity:themeaningofthe
7、IndustrialRevolution26613TheriseandfalloftheSovietUnion:thefailedexperiment294PARTVCONCLUSIONS14Causesandcomplexity325vviUnderstandingeconomicdevelopmentNotes341Bibliography362Index389PrefaceIbecameaneconomistbecauseIsoughttheanswertoasimplequestion,howdoyouaccel
8、eratetherateofeconomicgrowthindifferentcountriesandreducetheworldwideproblemofpoverty?Itisclearthatinordertounderstandhowtodothisyouneedtounderstandthedetermin
