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1、RobinDunbarHowManyFriendsDoesOnePersonNeed?Dunbar’sNumberandOtherEvolutionaryQuirksHarvardUniversityPressCambridge,Massachusetts2010ContentsAcknowledgements11IntheBeginning32TheMonogamousBrain113Dunbar’sNumber214KithandKin355TheAncestorsthatStillHauntUs476BondsthatBind617WhyGossipisGoodforY
2、ou738ScarsofEvolution859Who’dMesswithEvolution?9910TheDarwinWars11311SoNear,andYetSoFar12712Farewell,Cousins14313StoneAgePsychology16114NaturalMinds17515HowtoJointheCultureClub191vHowmanyfriendsdoesonepersonneed?16BeSmart...LiveLonger20317BeautifulScience21518AreYouLonesomeTonight?22719Eski
3、mosRubNoses24320YourCheatingHeart25321MoralityontheBrain26722HowEvolutionFoundGod279Index293viChapter1IntheBeginningWeshareahistory,youandI.Ahistoryinwhichourrespectivestoriessnakebackthroughtime,edgingeverclosertoeachotheruntilfinallytheymeetupinacom-monancestor.Perhapsourlineagesmeetuponl
4、yafewgenerationsback,ormaybeitwasathousandyearsago.Perhapsitwassolongagothatitpredateshistory–thougheventhatcouldnothavebeenmorethantwohundredthousandyearsago,ameretwinkleinearthtime.ForwemodernhumansalldescendfromacommonancestorwhoroamedtheplainsofAfricaameretenthousandgenera-tionsago,tent
5、housandmothersgivingbirthtotenthou-sanddaughters...nomorethanwouldfitinatownofverymodestsizetoday.Forus,thathastwoimportantimplications.Oneisthatwesharemostofourtraitsincommon.FromAlaskatoTasmania,andTierradelFuegotoSpitzbergen,weareasinglefamily,onebiologicalspeciesunitedbycommonancestry.T
6、heotheristhatthosetraitsweshareare,nonetheless,theproductofevolution,honedbythedemandsofthelivesthatourancestorsled.Sometimes,theyaretheproductofdeepevolutionarytime,traitswesharewiththeothermembersofourbiologicalfamily,3Howmanyfriendsdoesonepersonneed?thegreatapes,andespeciallytheAfricangr
7、eatapes.Sometimes,thosetraitsareofmorerecentorigin,wroughtinthefireoftheparticularcircumstancesthatourmoreimmediateancestorsfacedinthebattleforlife,traitsthatmarkusoutashuman–notspecial,becausewearejustoneofmanytensofthousandsofindividuallyuniquespecieso
