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1、LeninandPhilosophyandotheressaysTRANSLATEDFROMTHEFRENCHBYBENBREWSTERFirstpublished,1971©NLB1971Secondedition,1977NLB,7CarlisleStreet,LondonwiTypesetinMonotypeEhrhardtandprintedbyUnwinBrothersLimited,TheGreshamPress,OldWoking,SurreyDesignedbyGeraldCinamonSEN90230889OFreud
2、andLacanFriendshavecorrectlycriticizedmefordiscussingLacaninthreelines.1ThiswastoomuchforwhatIwassayingabouthim,andtoolittlefortheconclusionsthatIdrewfromhim.Theyhaveaskedmeforafewwordstojustifyboththeallusionanditsobject.Heretheyare-afewwords,whereabookisneeded.Inthehis
3、toryofWesternReason,everycare,foresight,precautionandwarninghasbeendevotedtobirths.Pre-nataltherapyisinstitutional.Whenayoungscienceisborn,thefamilycircleisalwaysreadyforastonishment,jubilationandbaptism.Foralongtime,everychild,eventhefound-ling,hasbeenreputedthesonofafa
4、ther,andwhenitisaprodigy,thefatherswouldfightatthegateifitwerenotforthemotherandtherespectduetoher.Inourcrowdedworld,aplaceisallocatedforbirth,aplaceisevenallocatedforthepredictionofabirth:'prospective'.Tomyknowledge,thenineteenthcenturysawthebirthoftwoorthreechildrentha
5、twerenotexpected:Marx,NietzscheandFreud.'Natural'children,inthesensethatnatureoffendscustoms,principles,moralityandgoodbreeding:natureistheruleviolated,theunmarriedmother,hencetheabsenceofalegalfather.WesternReasonmakesafatherlesschildpayheavily.Marx,NietzscheandFreudhad
6、tofoottheoftenterriblebillofsurvival:apricei.RevuedeI'Enseignementphilosophique,June-July1963,'Philosophicetscienceshumaines',p.7andp.n,0.14:'Marxbasedhistheoryontherejectionofthemythofthe"homoaconomicus",Freudbasedhistheoryontherejectionofthemythofthe"homopsychologicus"
7、.LacanhasseenandunderstoodFreud'sliberatingrupture.Hehasunderstooditinthefullestsenseoftheterm,takingitrigorouslyatitswordandforcingittoproduceitsownconsequences,withoutconcessionsorquarter.Itmaybethat,likeeveryoneelse,heerrsinthedetailoreventhechoiceofhisphilosophicalbe
8、arings;butweowehimtheessential.'182compoundedofexclusion,condemnation,insult,poverty,hungeranddeath,orm
