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1、SleepStudySuggestsTriggersforDiabetesandObesityLatenightsinthelab,earlymorningcommutesfromthesuburbs,AngryBirdsvideogamemarathonsintotheweehours—thedemandsanddistractionsofmodernlifearestealingoursleepandperhapsrobbingusofourhealth.ThestudypublishedinSciencefoundmanypeopleareonsleepandworkschedulest
2、hatprimethemfordiabetesandobesity.Evidencefordeleteriouseffectsofreducedsleep,includingashorterlifespan,hascomelargelyfromepidemiologicalstudies.Althoughrarer,sleep-interventionstudieshavebeguntosuggestphysiologicalmechanismsthatmightaccountforsuchfindings.Twoyearsago,forexample,neuroscientistOrfeuB
3、uxtonofBrighamandWomen'sHospitalinBostonandcolleaguesshowedthatyoungmenwhounderwentjustaweekofreducedsleephadlowerresponsivenesstothehormoneinsulin,adeclinethatisahallmarkoftypOur24/7societycandisruptourschedulesinanotherway.Humansevolvedtobeactiveduringtheday.Lightcalibratesthecentralcircadianpacem
4、aker,thebody'smasterclockinthebrain.Inturn,ithelpsharmonizemolecularclocksinindividualtissuessothatourphysiologyandbehaviormesh—wegethungryinthemorning,forinstance,andfeeldrowsyatnight.Studieshavesuggestedthatupsettingthesecircadianrhythmstriggersarangeofhealthproblems.That'spotentiallybadnewsforpeo
5、plewhohavenightjobsorareonrotatingshifts,whichrequirethemtochangeworkhoursfrequently;theyoftenhavetocontendwithinadequatesleepanddiscombobulatedcircadiancycles.Intheirlatestsleepstudy,Buxtonandcolleaguesgaugedthephysiologicalimpactofthisdoublewhammy.Fornearly6weekseach,21studysubjectslivedintheequiv
6、alentofahotelsuiteinthehospital'sBostonresearchlab.Afterstoringuponsleep,thesepeoplespent3weeksonaregimeninwhichtheycouldsleepforonly5.6hoursineach24-hourperiod.Likerotatingshiftworkers,theywenttobedatvaryingtimes.Tothrowofftheircircadianrhythms,thelight-darkcycleinthefacilitylasted28hoursratherthan
7、theusual24.Andtopreventtheserhythmsfromresetting,theresearcherskeptlightlevelsattheequivalentoftwilightordimmer.Sohowdidtheparticipants,whowentmorethanamonthwithoutInternetaccess,TV,orcontactwithanyon
