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1、———————————阅————卷————密————封————装————订————线——————————常熟理工学院2010～2011学年第二学期《专业英语》考试试卷试题总分：100分考试时限：120分钟题号一二三总分阅卷人核分人得分二、英译汉（共30分）Neitherhavetheenergyoutofthinair,itwillnotsuddenlydisappear,itcanonlybeconverted（转化）fromoneformintootherforms,orfromoneobject(物质)toanotherobject,theconversion
2、ortransfer(转移)process,thesameamountofenergy.Thisisthelawofenergyconservation(守恒),itiswidelyrecognized(认同)now.Theenergyconservationlawismostcommon（普遍的）innature,anditisoneofthemostimportantfundamental(基本的)laws.Fromphysics,chemistrytogeology,biology,largecelestialbodies(宇宙天体),smallnucleus
3、(原子核)inside,aslongasenergyconversion,itmustobeythelawofconservationofenergy.Fromdailylifetoscientificresearch,engineering,thislawhasplayedanimportantrole.Avarietyof(各种各样的)humanenergy,suchascoal,oil(石油)andotherfuels(燃料)andhydropower,windenergy,nuclearenergy(核能)use,areallachievedthroughe
4、nergyconversion.Theenergyconservationlawisapowerfulweaponforpeopletounderstandandusethenature.Onthelatestresearchoftheenergyconservationlaw,researchersbelievethatenergyconservationrequiresconditions,itisnotuniversal(普遍适用的),andthatthetimetranslationinvariance(时间平移不变性)istheconditionofcon
5、servationofenergy.第3页/共3页———————————阅————卷————密————封————装————订————线——————————二、英译汉Oneofthekeyinventionsinthehistoryofelectronics,andinfactoneofthemostimportantinventionsoverperiod（人类历史上的）,wasthetransistor.ItwasinventedbyBellLaboratoriesin1948.Inshort,atransistorisadevicethatconducts（传导
6、）avariableamountofelectricity（可变电量）throughit,dependingonhowmuchelectricityisinputtoit.Inotherwords,itisadigitalswitch（开关）.However,unlikethevacuumtube（真空管）,itissolidstate.Thismeansthatitdoesn’tchangeitsphysicalformasitswitches（改变状态）.Therearenomovingpartsinatransistor.Theadvantagesofthet
7、ransistoroverthevacuumtubewereenormous（巨大的）.Comparedtotheoldtechnology,transistorsweremuchsmaller,faster,andcheapertomanufacture.Theywerealsofarmorereliable（可靠的）andusedmuchlesspower.Thetransistoriswhatstartedtheevolutionofthemoderncomputerindustryinmotion.Thetransistorwasoriginally（最
