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1、民主模式与媒介批评赵月枝西蒙弗雷泽大学加拿大国家研究教授与上次讲座相关的文章赵月枝：《传播政治经济学研究前沿与路径》，范敬宜、李彬（编），《马克思主义新闻观15讲》，北京：清华大学出版社，2007，页235-258。赵月枝、邢国欣，《传播政治经济学》，刘曙明、洪浚浩（编），《传播学》，北京：中国人民大学出版社，2007，页511-538。一、媒体批评定义：按不同的民主模式对媒体表现进行系统检视与衡量的一个研究领域广义媒体批评：面对整个媒体系统和结构狭义媒体批评：根据“公认”的标准或规范对媒体内容
2、进行系统检视与衡量媒体研究史上著名的例子:李普曼和CharlesMertz对NYT有关十月革命的报道的分析CommissiononFreedomofPress,1947：一个自由与负责的报业UNESCOsponsored“televisiontraffic:aonewaystreet?”／《一个世界，多种声音》二、“民主是个好东西”,但什么是民主？BasicSemiotics:TwodimensionsofasignDenotationConnotation三种民主模式及相应的媒介批评1.The
3、MarketLiberalPerspectiveonMediaandDemocracyViewsdemocracynotasanendinitself,butasnormallythebestinstitutionalarrangementtomaintainpoliticalstabilityandindividualrights,particularlyeconomicrightsofownership,contractandexchange.Althoughmarketliberalsof
4、tenadoptapopuliststance,theiremphasisonprivateconsumptionratherthanpublicvirtuemesheswithanelitistversionofdemocracy,classicallyarticulatedbySchumpeter(1942).Inthisview,democracyisaprocedureforselectingleaders,withcitizenparticipationconfinedmainlyto
5、votingeveryfewyears--essentially,theroleofconsumersinapoliticalmarketplace.Mediainthismodelareregardedbasicallyasotherindustries,bestleftunregulatedbygovernmentsoastorespondtoconsumerpreferencesinthemarketplace;Themaincivilroleofmediaistoactasawatchd
6、ogongovernment,whichisconsideredthemainthreattoindividualfreedom.IfmarketliberalseeademocraticdeficitinWesternmedia,theyattributeitmainlytostateinterventioninthemediasector(particularlypublicservicebroadcasting),and/ortotheperceivedleftistbiasesofjou
7、rnalistsProblems:dismissalofpublicparticipation,lackofattentiononprivatepower2.ThePublicSphereLiberalPerspectiveonMediaandDemocracyPlacehighervalueoncitizenparticipationinpublicdeliberation,andcallsonthemediatohelpconstituteapublicsphere--"thatrealmo
8、fsociallifewheretheexchangeofinformationandviewsonquestionsofcommonconcerncantakeplacesothatpublicopinioncanbeformed“Media'sdemocraticrolesincludeprovidingeachsignificantgroupwithaforumtoarticulateanddevelopitsinterests;facilitatingthesearchforsociet
