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1、形态学Morphology1词素morpheme词素是单词的最小的有意义的组成部分。Childlike=Child+like2词根经常被看做单词的一部分，它本身有清楚的确定的意义但却不能被单独使用。如bio-,tri-,aero-自由词素是独立的意义单位,自身能够单独使用,如drink,stand,moon等3屈折词缀用来表明各种各样的语法关系或范畴，如数、时态、级和格等。4前缀prefix一般来说，前缀只是改变词的意义，但并不改变其词类。5anti-auto-be-bi-bio-centi-co-con-com-col-cor-antiwa
2、rautobiographybefriend,belittlebiweeklybiospherecentigradecooperationcontemporaryCompresscollectcollaboratecorrespondcorrelate6contra-:counter-:de-:dis-:e-:en-:em-:ex-:extra-:contradictcounterattackdevalue,de-emphasizedisorder,disagreeeject,emergeencaseembrace,empowerexclud
3、eextraordinary,extrasensory7fore-:in-:im-:il-:ir-:inter-:intra-:kilo-:forefatherinhuman,inadequateimmoral/imbalanceillegal/illiterateirrelevant/irregularinternationalIntracity,introspectionkilometer8macro-:micro-:mal-:mid-:mini-:mis-:mono-:multi-:non-:out-:over-:macroworldm
4、icroworldmalcontent,malfunctionmidpoint,midwayminiwarmisunderstandmonologuemultilingualnonexistentoutsize/outflowoverstudy/overestimate9poly-:post-:pre-:pseudo-:re-:semi-:sub-:super-:tele-:therm-:polyfunctional,polyatomicpostgraduate/postponeprehistorypseudosciencereact/rea
5、ppearsemicirclesubtropics/subcentralsupernatural/supervisetelephone/telescopethermal/thermometer10trans-:tri-:ultra-:un-:under-:uni-:vice-:transplant/transformtricycle/triangleultraclean/ultraredunreal/unlockundersea/underestimateuniform/uniquevice-president11后缀suffix一般来说，后
6、缀不仅改变词的意义，而且使单词由一种词类转变为另一种词类。12-ability:-ibility:-age:-al:-an:-ian:-arian:-ance:-ence:名词后缀adaptabilitysensibilitymarriage/postagesurvival/betrayalAmerican/republicancomedian/Canadianhumanitarian/librariandisturbanceinsistence13-ancy:-ency:-ant:-ent:-cy:-dom:-ee:-er:-or:-ar:
7、redundancysolvencyvibrant/assistant/relevantsentiment/absorbent/studentIntricacy/accuracykingdomreturneeleader/washer/batterarbitrator/generatorliar/beggar/scholar名词后缀14-ery:-ese:-ess:-ful:-hood:-ics:greenery/robberyChinese/cantonesepoetess/hostesshandfulbachelorhood/childh
8、oodathetics名词后缀15-ion:-ition:-ation:-ism:-ist:-ity:-ty:-ment:-ness:名词后缀concision/c
