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1、Chapter5Morphology(形态学,词法学)InternalstructuresofwordsandrulesofwordformationcarefulwonderfulsuccessfulbeautifulwidendeepenshortenfastensharpenImpossible,incorrect,improper,illegal,report,importexporttransportsupportporterrespectinspectexpectsuspectprospectboysgirlstoysbookstablesbo
2、ttlesworking,thinkingspeaking,cutting,hittingthe,to,for,bird,leg,air,captain.suffixes,prefixes,roots,inflectionalsuffixes,freerootSemantically:root(词根)andaffixaffix(词缀):prefix(前缀),suffix(后缀);derivationalaffixes(派生词缀)andinflectionalaffixes(屈折词缀)Structurally:freemorphemes(自由词素,即自由词根
3、)andboundmorphemes(粘着词素)5.1whatismorphologyMorphologystudiestheinternalstructures(内部结构)ofwordsandwordformationrules.Itdividedintotwofields:inflectionalmorphology(屈折词法)andderivational/lexicalmorphology(派生词法).Itstudiesthedifferentcategoriesofmorphemes(bound,free,derivationalandinfle
4、ctional)morphologicalrules5.2morpheme(词素,语素)Morphemeisaminimalmeaningfulgrammaticalunitinalanguage.1minimal:smallest,itcannotfurtherbedivided.{un},{bird}butnotblackboard=black+boarddisagree=dis+agree2meaningful:cannotbefurtherdividedwithoutdestroyingitsmeaningcap+tain,man+age==man
5、age3,grammatical:notonlylexicalmorphemeslike{bird,leg,table},butalsogrammaticalones,like{to,for,-s,ed,-er,theaan}international=inter+nation+altourists=tour+ist+sdisagreements=dis+agree+ment+sClassificationofmorphemesFreemorphemes:thosethatcanexistasindividualwords:the,toforcapshoe
6、Lexicalmorphemes:nouns,adjectives,verbs,adverbs.Openclass,largepartofvocabulary实词Functionalmorphemes:prepositions,conjunctions,articles,pronouns.Closedclass.虚词Boundmorphemes(粘着词素):thosethatcannotoccuraloneasseparatewords.-ful,-less,re-de,tele-vis-ion,un-happyRoots(词根),themostimpor
7、tantpartofawordthatcarriestheprincipalmeaning:receive,conceive,deceive,Respect,expect,suspect,diction,contradictionbirdleghandAffixes(词缀):thosethatlexicallydependonrootsanddonotconveythefundamentalmeaningofwords.Interralation:allfreemorphemes(likebird)arerootsbutnotallrootsarefree
8、morphemes.(likespect).Allaffixesa
