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1、CASIANMANAGEMENTHINAThechallengefacingChina’sstate-ownedenterprisesAtthelevelofindividualbusinessenterprises,therealworkofreforminChinahasjustbegunTrevorMacMurrayandJonathanWoetzelThereformofChina’sstate-ownedenterprises(SOEs)isthesinglelargestefforttochangeeconomicinstitution
2、severundertaken.Theimmensescopeoftheprogramandtherapidpaceatwhichitisoccurringarewithoutprecedent:thechangeswillaffectmorethan200,000SOEsemployingmorethan100millionworkersandgeneratingroughlyhalfthenation’sindustrialoutput.AstheChinesegovernmentgrantstheseenterprisesmorecommer
3、cialfreedomandputsinplacethelegalandfinancialframeworkessentialtoamarketeconomy,theSOEsthemselvesfaceatremendouschallengeindevelopingcompetitivestrategies,renewingtheirorganizations,restructuringtheirfinancing,andreactingtoafast-changingregulatoryenvironment.Whilethishard,nuts-a
4、nd-boltsworkofreformisunderway,foreignMNCshaveuniqueopportunitiestoallywithoracquireSOEs–andtohelpshapeChina’stransformation.EVITALIZINGTHEOWNERSHIPSTRUCTURE,management,andoperationalperformanceofChina’sSOEsisaneconomicnecessity:RsubsidiestoSOEstoppedUS$90billionin1992–anunsus
5、tainable14percentofgovernmentrevenue.Itisalsoaphilosophicalnecessity:thecountry’sleadersnowrecognizethatcontinuedeconomicgrowthdependsontheintroductionofmarketandbusinessdiscipline.Indeed,onthesuccessofthisthird,“managerial,”waveofreform–farmorethanonthepreviousreformsofagricu
6、ltureandlightindustryduringthelate1970sandearly1980s–reststhecountry’seconomicfuture,aswellasthestabilityofitssocialfabric.Thestakescouldnotbegreater.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,state-ownedenterprisesarethekeydriversofChina’sindustrialeconomy,accountingforalmosthalfofindus
7、trialproductionandmorethantwo-thirdsoffixedassets(Exhibit1).Thisistrueacrossallprovinces–evenintheentrepreneurialSouth,where,forexample,SOEsaccountfor35percentofGuangdong’sindustrialoutput.Inaddition,Authors’note:WewouldliketothankJavierPerez,LewisChan,andJuliePiercefortheircon
8、tributionstothisarticle.THEMcKINSEYQUARTERLY1994NUMBER261THEC
