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1、THINKINGSTYLESANDSOCIALLYENRICHEDLEARNINGMATERIAL:DIFFERENTIALEFFECTSONMOTIVATIONANDMEMORYPERFORMANCEAgnetaGulzLundUniversityCognitiveScienceKungshuset,LundagårdS-22222Lund,SwedenE-mail:Agneta.Gulz@lucs.lu.seInthisstudy,weexaminedhowlearnersareinfluencedwhensocialinformat
2、ion,intheformofaframework,isaddedtoalearningmaterial.Thestudywasintegratedinaclassthattheparticipantsweretaking.Motivationalaswellasmemoryperformanceeffectswerestudied.Inanassignment,twostudymaterialswereused,inwhicheachofthematerialscameinaneutralaswellasasociallyenriche
3、dformat.Earlierinthesemester,theparticipantshadcompletedaquestionnairethatassessedtheirdegreeofinterestinrepresentedsocialcontexts–theirdegreeofpersonorientation.Theresultsshowedconsiderableindividualvariabilityinattitudestothesociallyenrichedframeworks.Thestudyalsopoints
4、toindividualdifferencesastowhethersocialenrichmentofamaterialsupportsmemoryperformanceornot.Inaddition,theresultsofthestudyindicatethattheconstruct‘degreeofpersonorientation’ismeaningfulindescribingthevariabilitybothinattitudeandperformance.Apedagogicalimplicationoftheres
5、ultsisthatwecannothopeforsocialenrichmentoflearningmaterialstobeaninstructionalpanacea.Thatis,cognitivescientistsorinstructionalscientistswillnotbeabletoproposesocialenrichmentasageneralrecommendationorguidelinetodesignersofinstructionalmaterials.Rather,designersoughttobe
6、madeawareoftheindividualvariabilityinthisrespect.Humanbeingsaresocialandcommunicativehumanhallmark(Donald,1991).Anexampleofacreatures.Frombirthon,ahumanbeingorientssocio-cognitiveactivitythatrecursindifferentherselftowardsotherhumansintheenvironmentandculturesisgossip.Inh
7、isbookGrooming,GossipandrespondstoandinitiatescommunicationandtheEvolutionofLanguage(1996),Dunbardescribesinteractionwiththem.Thisorientationisenclosedatasmalltalkandgossipasthefirstimportantstepinthegenerallevelinhumangeneticequipmentlinguisticdevelopmentofhumankind.Nord
8、enstam(Trevarthen,1992;Vygotsky&Luria,1994).The(1998)emphasizesthefunctionofgossip–thespecificco
