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1、LANGUAGE,COMMUNICATIONANDSOCIALACTIVITY-TowardsanAnalysisofTheLinguisticCommunicativeAspectsofSocialActivitiesJensAllwoodDeptofLinguisticsGöteborgUniversityABSTRACT:Thepaperpresentsatheoreticaldiscussionoftherelationbetweensocialstructure,languageandcommunication.Tenaxiomaticth
2、esesonthisrelationshiparestatedandelaboratedthroughadiscussionofsocialinstitutionsandsocialactivitiesinthelightofactivitybasedcommunicationanalysis.Finally,anoverviewisgivenofactivitybasedcommunicationanalysis.1.BackgroundTheoriginsofthispaperlieinpuzzlementoveranumberofissuesc
3、onnectedwiththerelationbetweenlanguageandsocialstructure.Theyalsolieindiscontentwithadominanttrendin20thcenturylinguisticstowardwhatHjelmslev(1943)calledimmanentlinguistics,i.e.,thestudyoflanguageasasuigenerisstructure.AmongthepuzzlingissuesIwouldfirstliketomentiontheissueofhol
4、ismversusatomismandreductionisminsocialtheory.Dosocialphenomenainsomesense(ontological,epistemologicalorheuristic,cf.Allwood1973)haveanindependentstatusoraretheyreducibletomorebasicphenomenawhichmakeuptheatomsofsociallife?Durkheim(1895)isoneoftheclassicalexamplesofsocialontolog
5、icalholismwhileHomans(1961)andPopper(1957)exemplifytworeductionistapproaches“socialbehaviorism”and“methodologicalindividualism”,respectively.InlaterworkPopper1972,however,throughhisproposalofthreeontological“worlds”,exhibitsamoreantireductionist-holisticstance.Specifically,weca
6、naskthequestionoflanguage.Islanguageanexampleofanontologicallyirreduci-blesocialphenomenonaswasassumedbySaussure(1916),mostlikelyfollowingDurkheim(1895),orisitjustatheoreticalconstructinventedbylinguistsandlinguisticpolicymakersforheuristicreasons.Anotherpuzzleconcernshowonesho
7、uldaccommodateanumberofinsights,reachedinthe20thcentury,originatinginseveralacademicdisciplines,concerningthenatureoflinguisticcommunicationinamoreencompassingtheoreticalapproach.Fromphilosophycomeinsightssomeofwhichmightperhapsverycrudelybeparaphrasedasfollows:Tospeakistoact–J
8、.L.Austin(1962),tospeakistoactrationally–H.P.Grice(197
