AI in health informatics - NLP and biomedical texts

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1、A.I.inhealthinformaticslectures9&10naturallanguageprocessingandbiomedicaltextskevinsmall&byronwallacetoday•naturallanguageprocessing(NLP)–applications–techniques•clinicalandbiomedicallanguagenaturallanguage•humansprefer–scientificliterature–technicalreports–administrat

2、ivereports–patientcharts–spokenlanguagetranscriptionsstructureddata•computersprefer–measurementsinaspreadsheet–predefinedlists(e.g.,diseases,genes)–patientdata–billing/administrativeinformationnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP)•narrativedatastructureddata–narrativedataine

3、fficientto(re)process–narrativedatarifewithambiguityandvarianceinexpression–structureddatanotalwayssufficient•NLPabstractsnarrativeinformationintoastructuredform•NLPishardNLPgoals•time–PubMedhas~20Mdocuments–patientdocuments•consistency/objectivity–rulescanbeupdatedbye

4、xperts–classifiersgeneralizetonewdata•cost–laborwithspecializedtraininginformationextraction(IE)•locatesimportantstructures–namedentities–relationsMyf$5&person&person&born_in&locaBon&locaBon&Troponin&Dole&’s&wife&,&Elizabeth&,&is&a&naBve&of&&Salisbury&,&&&N.C.&Pax$3&lo

5、cated_in&spouse_of&Myod&Shh&born_in&Pax$7&Wnt&Polymerase&informationretrieval(IR)•accessdocumentsinlargecorpora•satisfyinformationneedofquery•termindexing•phrase/entity/relationindexingmachinetranslation•convertstextinonelanguagetoanotherlanguageMorgenfliegeichnachKana

6、dazurKonferenz•studyenrollmentTomorrowIwillflytotheconferenceinCanada•scientificliteratureetcetera•textgeneration•summarization•automaticediting•userinterfaces•speechtranscription•useyourimagination…levelsofknowledge•morphology–morphemesgeneratewords•lexicography–globa

7、lpropertiesofwords•syntax–structureofphrasesandsentences•semantics–interpretationoflinguisticstructures•pragmatics–understandingdiscourseNLPrequirements•specifyingrepresentation•methodofacquiringknowledgetogeneraterepresentation•algorithmstosupportapplicationsbasedonsp

8、ecifiedrepresentationNLPtechniques•symbolic/logicalmethods–finitestatemachines–context-freegrammars(CFGs)–informative