欧洲侵权法基本原则Principles of European Tort Law

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1、EuropeanGrouponTortLawPrinciplesofEuropeanTortLawTITLEI.BasicNormChapter1.BasicNormArt.1:101.Basicnorm(1) Apersontowhomdamagetoanotherislegallyattributedisliabletocompensatethatdamage.(2) Damagemaybeattributedinparticulartothepersona) whoseconductconstitutingfaulthascausedit;orb) wh

2、oseabnormallydangerousactivityhascausedit;orc) whoseauxiliaryhascauseditwithinthescopeofhisfunctions.TITLEII.GeneralConditionsofLiabilityChapter2.DamageArt.2:101.RecoverabledamageDamagerequiresmaterialorimmaterialharmtoalegallyprotectedinterest.Art.2:102.Protectedinterests(1) Thesco

3、peofprotectionofaninterestdependsonitsnature;thehigheritsvalue,theprecisionofitsdefinitionanditsobviousness,themoreextensiveisitsprotection.(2) Life,bodilyormentalintegrity,humandignityandlibertyenjoythemostextensiveprotection.(3) Extensiveprotectionisgrantedtopropertyrights,includi

4、ngthoseinintangibleproperty.(4) Protectionofpureeconomicinterestsorcontractualrelationshipsmaybemorelimitedinscope.Insuchcases,dueregardmustbehadespeciallytotheproximitybetweentheactorandtheendangeredperson,ortothefactthattheactorisawareofthefactthathewillcausedamageeventhoughhisint

5、erestsarenecessarilyvaluedlowerthanthoseofthevictim.(5) Thescopeofprotectionmayalsobeaffectedbythenatureofliability,sothataninterestmayreceivemoreextensiveprotectionagainstintentionalharmthaninothercases.(6) Indeterminingthescopeofprotection,theinterestsoftheactor,especiallyinlibert

6、yofactionandinexercisinghisrights,aswellaspublicinterestsalsohavetobetakenintoconsideration.Art.2:103.LegitimacyofdamageLossesrelatingtoactivitiesorsourceswhichareregardedasillegitimatecannotberecovered.Art.2:104.PreventiveexpensesExpensesincurredtopreventthreateneddamageamounttorec

7、overabledamageinsofarasreasonablyincurred.Art.2:105.ProofofdamageDamagemustbeprovedaccordingtonormalproceduralstandards.Thecourtmayestimatetheextentofdamagewhereproofoftheexactamountwouldbetoodifficultortoocostly.Chapter3.CausationSection1.ConditiosinequanonandqualificationsArt.3:10

8、1.Conditiosinequano