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1、FunctionalDNANanotechnologyinFunctionalDNANanotechnologyinSensingandImagingSensingandImagingYiLuDepartmentofChemistry,Biochemistry,Bioengineering,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,CenterforBiophysicsandComputationalBiology,andBeckmanInstituteforAdvancedScienceandTec
2、hnologyUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-ChampaignUrbana,IL61801Science&TechnologyGapinNanobiotechnologyScience&TechnologyGapinNanobiotechnologySarcosine:Prostatecancermarkerinurine(Nature,2009,457,910)Welldeveloped(relativelyspeaking):DNA,RNAandproteinsLesswelldevelo
3、ped:CarbohydratesMetabolites:metalions:calcium,iron….organicmolecules:ATP,NADH,hormone,receptor….(biomarkersforbiologicaleventssuchbiomassconversion)Invasivespecies:metalions:lead,mercury…organicmolecules:dioxins,pesticides,PCBs,melamine..(biomarkersfordiseasessu
4、chascancer)Anumberofnon-DNA/RNA/ProteinbiomarkersremaintobediscoveredanddetectedCorrelationofmetabolites/biomarkerswithDNA/RNA/Proteinlevelsandwithbiologicalfunctionisanunmetchallengeinnanobiotechnology.Metabolites/markersinbiologyMetabolites/markersinbiologyanda
5、ndenvironmentenvironmentGroup123456789101112131415161718Period•EssentialMetalions121H•Bulkandessentialnon-metalionsHe34•Non-essentialbiologicalelements56789102LiBe•ToxicmetalionsBCNOFNe11121314151617183•RadionuclidesNaMgAlSiPSClAr192021222324252627282930313233343
6、5364KCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr3738394041424344454647484950515253545RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe5556717273747576777879808182838485866*CsBaLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn87881031041051061071081091101111121131141151161171187**FrRaLrRfDbSgBhHsMtUunUuuUu
7、bUutUuqUupUuhUusUuo5758596061626364656667686970*Lanthanides*LaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYb8990919293949596979899100101102**Actinides**AcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoMetabolites/markersarelargeinnumbers,subtleinstructuraldifferences,smallinquantities.Thereforetheyrepres
8、entnewuniquechallengesandopportunitiesinnanobiotechnology.InstrumentalAnalysesforMetabolites/biomarkersInstrumentalAnalysesforMetabolites/biomarkersInductively
