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1、•SHAWANDBURKESpectralImagingforRemoteSensingSpectralImagingforRemoteSensingGaryA.ShawandHsiao-huaK.Burke■Spectralimagingforremotesensingofterrestrialfeaturesandobjectsaroseasanalternativetohigh-spatial-resolution,large-aperturesatelliteimagingsystems.Earlyapplicationsofspectralimagingwereorientedtow
2、ardground-coverclassification,mineralexploration,andagriculturalassessment,employingasmallnumberofcarefullychosenspectralbandsspreadacrossthevisibleandinfraredregionsoftheelectromagneticspectrum.Improvedversionsoftheseearlymultispectralimagingsensorscontinueinusetoday.Anewclassofsensor,thehyperspect
3、ralimager,hasalsoemerged,employinghundredsofcontiguousbandstodetectandidentifyavarietyofnaturalandman-madematerials.Thisoverviewarticleintroducesthefundamentalelementsofspectralimaginganddiscussesthehistoricalevolutionofboththesensorsandthetargetdetectionandclassificationapplications.,
4、visionplaysacentralroleelectromagneticspectrum.LongwaveinfraredOinhumanperceptionandinterpretationof(LWIR)imaging,whichisakintopanchromaticim-theworld.Whenwehearaloudcrash,smellaging,reliesonthermalemissionoftheobjectsinasomethingburning,orfeelsomethingslippingoutofscene,ratherthanreflectedlight,toc
5、reateanimage.ourgrasp,ourfirstresponseisvisual—welookfortheMorerecently,passiveimaginghasevolvedtoin-sourceofthetroublesowecanassessandrespondtocludenotjustonepanchromaticbandorthreecolorthesituation.Oureyesandbraincanquicklyprovidebandscoveringthevisiblespectrum,butmanydetailedinformationaboutwhate
6、vereventisoccur-bands—severalhundredormore—encompassingtheringaroundus,whichleadstoachoiceofappropriatevisiblespectrumandthenear-infrared(NIR)andactionorresponse.Theimportanceofhumanvisualshortwaveinfrared(SWIR)bands.Thisevolutioninperceptionisalsoapparentwhenweconsiderthatvi-passiveimagingisenabled
7、byadvancesinfocal-planesionprocessingconsumesadisproportionatelylargetechnology,andisaimedatexploitingthefactthatpartofhumanbrainfunction.Itisthereforenotsur-thematerialscomprisingthevariousobjectsina
