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1、西方古典文化ClassicalWesternCultureLecture2AncientGreece—FoundationofWesternCivilizationI.GeographyGreeceGeographicalMapGreece1.LocationGreeceislocatedatthesouthernmosttipofEuropeandNortheastEndoftheMediterranean.ItConsistsofsmallpeninsulas.Greecehasmanyports,i
2、nlets,andislands.Includingtheislands,ithasanareaof50,959squaremilesandanestimated(200l)populationof11millions.2.PhysicalGeographyGreeceisverymountainous.75%ofGreeceiscoveredbymountains.Mostareshortmountainrangescuttingthroughmainland.Mountainscausedsmallc
3、ommunitiestodevelopdifferentwaysoflife.Thereisnoclearriversystem.InAncientGreece,farmersgrewolives,figs,grain,fruitandgrapesinthefertilevalleys.Theyalsoraisedsheepandgoatsinmountains.OlivegroveSurroundedbyseasNopartofGreeceismorethanaboutfortymilesfromthe
4、coastGreeksbecameseafarers….SailedintoAegean,Black,andMediterraneanSeas.GreeksmadecontactwithoutsideworldandspreadcoloniesandtradethroughoutMed.Sea.GetwhattheycouldnotgrowAlsobroughtideasbackwiththem3.TheImportanceofGeographyCutoffbymountainsandtheseasIso
5、latedLedtotheformationofcity-statesLimitedinteractionandunityofAncientGreeceCreatedfiercerivalriesSeabecameavitallinkHundredsofbaystoprovidesafeharborforshipsSkilledsailorsTradedoliveoil,wine,andmarbleReturnedwithgrains,metals,andideasAdaptedthePhoenician
6、alphabetBecamebasisforallWesternalphabets4.ClimateGreecehasaMediterraneanclimateGreekSummeriswarmanddry.Theaveragetemperatureis33°.Theaveragerainfallis6mm.Itleadstodrought.TheGreekwinterismildandwet.Itcanberainyoncostalregionsandsnowyinthemountains.Theave
7、ragetemperatureis15°.Theaveragerainfallis65mm.II.AncientGreekHistoryAncientGreece:ItisconsideredbymosthistorianstobethefoundationalcultureofWesternCivilization.BronzeAgeofGreece:2600BC-1100BCBronzeAgeofGreece1.Crete:Minoan(米诺斯的)Civilization(PalaceatKnosso
8、s)ThefirstcivilizationDevelopedinCreteLasted1500years,from2600-1100BC.KnownastheMinoancivilization,namedafteralegendarykingMinos,sonofZeusFlourishedwithgreattradingpowerPeopleoriginatedinAsiaMinor.MinoanCivilization
